LOCATION ANDRES IL+INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON:Andres silt loam - on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 193 meters (633 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) thick]
BA--28 to 36 cm (11 to 14 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) thick]
Bt1--36 to 48 cm (14 to 19 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--48 to 66 cm (19 to 26 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--66 to 91 cm (26 to 36 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 30 to 102 cm (12 to 40 inches).]
2Bt4--91 to 127 cm (36 to 50 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; many medium prominent gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 inches) thick]
2C--127 to 152 cm (50 to 60 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; massive; firm; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; many medium prominent gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Livingston County, Illinois, about 2.8 kilometers (1.75 miles) north of Campus; 465 meters (1,525 feet) south and 155 meters (510 feet) east of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 30 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Campus topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 02 minutes 52 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 18 minutes 17 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16T, 0390341 easting and 4544894 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of soil development ranges from 91 to 152 cm (36 to 60 inches). The mollic epipedon ranges from 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) in thickness. It includes the upper part of the B horizon in some pedons. Depth to carbonates is 61 to 140 cm (24 to 55 inches). Depth to the till is 56 to 127 cm (22 to 50 inches). Some pedons have as much as 61 cm (24 inches) of loess or silty material overlying the outwash. The particle-size control section ranges from 27 to 35 percent clay and from 15 to 40 percent fine and coarser sand. Content of gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The BA, Bt, or 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It typically is clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. If a mantle of loess is present, it is silt loam or silty clay loam. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline. In some pedons it contains carbonates.
The 2Bt or 3Bt horizon, the part formed in weathered till, has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silty clay loam or silt loam with more than 22 percent clay. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline. It typically contains carbonates, but in some pedons it is noneffervescent.
The 2C or 3C horizon, the unweathered till, has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. It is silty clay loam or silt loam with more than 22 percent clay and less than 20 percent sand. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and is calcareous. Some pedons have thin strata of loam or silty clay.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aztalan, Darroch, Francesville, Gilboa, Houstenader, La Hogue, Lahoguess, Le Sueur, Marcellon, Newhaven, Odell, Protivin, and Vigar series. Aztalan and Marcellon soils average less than 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Darroch, Gilboa, La Hogue, Lahoguess, Le Sueur, Newhaven, and Odell soils average more than 20 percent sand and less than 22 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Francesville soils contain a densic layer between 51 to 102 cm (20 and 40 inches). Houstenader soils contain more than 40 percent clay and more than 15 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Protivin soils contain more than 30 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Vigar soils have a mollic epipedon more than 51 cm (20 inches) thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Andres soils are on nearly level to slightly undulating till plains and lake plains. They formed in loamy outwash and silty till that contain more than 22 percent clay. A mantle of loess or other silty material, as much as 61 cm (24 inches) thick, overlies the outwash in many pedons. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 8 to 12 degrees C (46 to 54 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 740 to 890 mm (29 to 35 inches), frost-free period ranges from 160 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 183 to 311 meters (600 to 1,020 feet) above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ashkum, Elliott, Martinton, Milford, and Symerton soils. Ashkum and Milford soils are on lower positions on the landform, are poorly drained, and contain more clay in the particle-size control section. Elliott and Martinton soils are on similar positions and have more clay in the particle-size control section. Symerton soils are on slightly higher positions and are better drained.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 30 to 61 cm (1 to 2 feet) at some time between January and May in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers/s). Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of the soil are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow are the principal crops. A few areas are used for pasture. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana. Extent is moderate; about 36,423 hectares (90,000 acres) have been mapped in MLRAs 95B, 108A, 110, 111C, and 111D.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Will County, Illinois, 1951.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) (Ap horizon); argillic horizon 36 to 127 cm (14 to 50 inches)
(Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and 2Bt4 horizons).