LOCATION BAKEOVEN OR+ID+WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Bakeoven very cobbly loam-rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 2 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very cobbly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak thin platy and weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 40 percent rock fragments; slightly acid (pH 6.5); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bw1--2 to 4 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very gravelly heavy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak thin platy and weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; 60 percent rock fragments; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 6 inches thick)
Bw2--4 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist, moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 60 percent rock fragments; neutral (pH 6.9); abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
2R--7 inches; basalt.
TYPE LOCATION: Wasco County, Oregon; 1,200 feet south and 100 feet east of center of section 7; NW1/4SE1/4 section 7. T. 8 S., R. 15 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The soil is usually dry and is dry throughout for more than half the time (cumulative) that the soil temperature is above 41 degrees F. The mean annual soil temperature is 47 to 55 degrees F. Thickness of solum and depth to bedrock range from about 4 to 10 inches. Rock fragments commonly range from 40 to 90 percent. Organic matter ranges from 1 to 2 percent. The lower parts of some sola have coatings of carbonates on the underside of rock fragments and these coatings extend in cracks into the underlying rock. The solum has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR.
The A horizon has value of 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist and chroma of 2 or 3 moist, 2 to 4 dry. Soil reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bw horizon has value the same as that of the A horizon and chroma is 2 or 3 in the upper part and 3 or 4 below depths of 6 or 7 inches in sola thicker than 7 inches. Texture is loam, clay loam or silt loam and averages more than 18 percent clay. Soil reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
Clay films are on some basalt fragments in deeper sola or in the fractures in the underlying bedrock.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Aldax,
Bodacious,
Bodell,
Couleedam,
Hendap,
Johntom,
Lickskillet,
Limekiln,
Oakside,
Plaskett,
Rockly and
Venator series.
Aldax soils 10 to 20 inches to lithic contact (basalt or andesite); less than 18 percent clay in pscs
Bodacious soils 12 to 20 inches to lithic contact (basalt)
Bodell soils 12 to 20 inches to lithic contact (basalt); dry for 60 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice
Couleedam soils 10 to 20 inches to lithic contact (granitic); 5 to 15 percent clay in pscs
Hendap soils 10 to 20 inches to lithic contact (granitic); 6 to 12 percent clay in pscs
Johntom soils 10 to 20 inches to lithic contact (rhydacite); dry for 75 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice; 5 to 15 percent clay and 5 to 20 percent volcanic glass in pscs
Lickskillet soils 12 to 20 inches to lithic contact (basalt)
Limekiln soils 10 to 20 inches to lithic contact (basalt or greenstone); dry for 75 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice; 7 to 12 inches to calcic horizon
Oakside soils 10 to 20 inches to lithic contact (phyllite or schist); mean annual soil temperature is 50 to 59 degrees F.; organic layer (Oi, Oe) present
Plaskett soils mean annual soil temperature is 55 to 58 degrees F.
Rockly soils dry for 60 to 80 consecutive days following the summer solstice
Venator soils 12 to 20 inches to lithic contact (shale); dry for 70 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Bakeoven soils are on mountains, ridgetops, hillslopes, mesas, and benches at elevations of 300 to 4,800 feet. Slopes of 2 to 20 percent are most common and the full range is from about 0 to 90 percent. The soils formed in loess and residuum weathered from basalt. The climate is semiarid. The mean annual precipitation is 9 to 16 inches. The mean annual temperature is 45 to 53 degrees F. The mean winter temperature is 31 to 35 degrees F. and the mean summer temperature is 62 to 66 degrees F. The frost-free period is 100 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Lickskillet soils and the Anderly, Agency, Cantala, Condon, Gem, Maupin, Morrow, Reywat, Ritzville, Ruckles, Starbuck, Walla Walla, Wapinitia, Watama and Wrentham soils. Agency soils are moderately deep to bedrock, have less than 35 percent rock fragments and are on plateaus. Anderly and Condon soils are moderately deep and formed in loess over bedrock and in many places are "biscuits" associated with Bakeoven soils. Cantala soils are fine-silty and deeper than 40 inches to bedrock. Gem and Morrow soil have an argillic horizon and are moderately deep to bedrock. Maupin soils have a duripan and are fine-loamy. Reywat soils are shallow and have a skeletal argillic horizon. Ritzville and Walla Walla soils are deep or very deep, formed in loess and are free of rock fragments. Ruckles soils have a very stony argillic horizon. Starbuck soils are on steep south-facing slopes, lack a mollic epipedon, formed mostly in loess and contain less than 35 percent rock fragments. Wapinitia soils are deep and have an argillic horizon. Watama soils are moderately deep and are fine-loamy. Wrentham soils are on steep north-facing slopes and are deeper than 20 inches to bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately slow permeability. In a few places the soil is ponded for short periods.
USE AND VEGETATION: Bakeoven soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Native vegetation is Sandberg bluegrass, and stiff sagebrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Oregon, eastern Washington and southwestern Idaho; MLRA 8, 10. This series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sherman County, Oregon; 1962.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features:
Aridic soil moisture regime
Mollic epipedon - the zone from 0 to 7 inches
Particle-size control section - the zone from 0 to 7 inches