LOCATION BATTLEFIELD MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Battlefield sand - on a 1 percent north facing slope - forested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 1 inch; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; many gray (10YR 6/1) uncoated sand grains; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and common medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
E--1 to 5 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand; single grain; loose; many fine and common medium roots; 6 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)
Bs1--5 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; 10 percent strongly cemented ortstein; many fine and common medium roots; common faint cracked coatings on sand grains; 13 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)
Bs2--10 to 18 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) gravelly sand; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and common medium roots; 16 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 17 inches thick)
BC--18 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) iron accumulations; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 9 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
2C--32 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sand; common fine distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3) iron accumulations; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 20 percent gravel and 7 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Cheboygan County, Michigan, about 6 miles southeast of the city of Cheboygan; 900 feet south and 700 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 29 T.37N., R. 1E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The solum is very strongly acid to moderately acid. The substratum is dominantly slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 20 percent by volume in the solum and 18 to 45 percent by volume in the substratum. Cobble content ranges from 0 to 3 percent in the solum and 0 to 10 percent in the substratum.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR or is neutral; value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Cultivated areas have an Ap horizon. The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7 and chroma of 2 or 3. The A and E horizons are coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogues of these textures.
The Bs horizons have hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 4 to 6. The Bs horizons are coarse sand, sand, loamy sand or gravelly analogues of these textures. The amount of weakly to strongly cemented ortstein in the Bs horizon commonly ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Some pedons have a Bhs horizon with textures similar to the Bs horizons.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 4 to 6. It is coarse sand, sand, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is very gravelly sand or gravelly sand. Some pedons are stratified gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand and sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Au Gres, Kinross, Wainola and Wormet series. Au Gres, Kinross and Wainola soils have less than 10 percent gravel in the series control section. Kinross soils are also poorly drained. Wormet soils have a finer texture cap 10 to 20 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Battlefield soils are on lake terraces, outwash plains and beach deposits. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches and the mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the East Lake, Nadeau, Roscommon, and Wheatley soils. The somewhat excessively drained East Lake and well drained Nadeau soils are on higher landscape positions. The poorly drained and very poorly drained Roscommon and Wheatley soils are on lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. These soils have a seasonally high water table that ranges from a depth of .5 foot to 1.5 feet below the surface from December to May. Potential surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most is in woodland. Forest vegetation consists mainly of quaking aspen, balsam fir, paper birch and red maple. Some areas are used for pasture and growing hay. The remainder is idle.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Peninsula and Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The series is of minor extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cheboygan County, Michigan, 1988.
REMARKS: Classification was adjusted to agree with ST Issue #17 on 7 Sept 94 by CLG. For laboratory data on this pedon see pedon no. S86MI-031-002 sampled by Michigan Technological University.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon- the zone from the surface to 5 inches (A and E horizons);
Albic horizon - the zone from 1 to 5 inches (E horizon);
Spodic horizon - the zone from 5 to 18 inches (Bs1 and Bs2 horizons);
Aquic soil moisture regime.
About 1,000 acres of this soil was mapped on Delta County, Michigan as the Au Gres, gravelly subsoil Variant.