LOCATION BIGAPPLE NY NJEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Bigapple fine sand on a large smoothed manmade island of soil material on a 0 to 3 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless noted differently.)
A-- 0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; many very fine to fine roots; 50 to 75 percent of the area has a 1/4" thick layer of asphalt coating that has broken up into 3 inch diameter fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick.)
E-- 3 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; single grain; loose; many very fine to fine, and few medium roots; few, fine, prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulations; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick.)
Bw-- 8 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified very fine, fine, medium and coarse sand; massive; very friable; few very fine to fine and few coarse roots; common, fine, prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in 1/8 to 1/4 inch-thick horizontal bedding planes of very fine sand which make up about 25 percent of the horizon; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (12 to 23 inches thick.)
C1-- 20 to 28 inches; 50 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and 40 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) stratified very fine, fine, medium and coarse sand; massive; very friable; common, fine, prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in 1/8 to 1/4-inch thick horizontal bedding planes of very fine sand which make up about 10 percent of the horizon; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
C2-- 28 to 60 inches; 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) plus 40 percent bedding planes of gray (10YR 5/1) stratified very fine and fine sand; massive; very friable; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Kings County, New York; type location is located on the Southern portion of a human made island (White Island) in Marine Creek Park; USGS Coney Island, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 40 degrees, 35 minutes, 39 seconds N. and Longitude 73 degrees, 54 minutes, 56 seconds W. (Rockwell GPS Receiver), NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the anthrotransported material is greater than 40 inches. The anthrotransported material may be any dredged material from coastal waterways, bays, or rivers. Thickness of the solum ranges from 18 to 34 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 20 percent. Sea shell fragments are present in some pedons. Human artifacts fragments range from 0 to 10 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to moderately alkaline throughout. Iron accumulations may be present on bedding planes in the subsoil and substratum horizons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR through 2.5Y, value of 2 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. Textures and their gravelly analogs include loamy sand, very fine sand, or coarser. It commonly is single grained, but ranges to granular or subangular blocky. Consistence is loose.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR through 2.5Y, value of 2 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. Textures and their gravelly analogs include very fine sand or coarser. It is massive or single grained, but ranges to granular or subangular blocky. Consistence is loose.
The Bw horizons have hue of 10YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Textures and their gravelly analogs include very fine sand or coarser. It is massive or single grained. Some pedons have weak very fine subangular blocky structure. Consistence is very friable.
The C horizons have hue of 10YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 7, and chroma of 1 through 6. Textures and their gravelly analogs include very fine sand or coarser. It is massive or single grained. Consistence is loose or very friable.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Acquango, Aldo, Battery (T), Biltmore, Boplain, Breeze (T), Caesar, Chute, Dabney, Hodge, Oakville, Osolo, Pahuk, Penwood, Perks, Pinegrove, Plainfield, Sardak, Sarpy, Scotah, Spessard, Suncook, Tyner, Wapanucket (T), and Windsor soils in the same family. Acquango soils form in eolian sediments. Aldo, Biltmore, Osolo, Oakville, Penwood, Plainfield, Scotah, Spessard and Tyner soils have a B horizon that is 10YR or redder. Battery (T) soils have an anthropan with in 20 inches of the surface. Boplain soils have a paralithic contact within 40 inches from soil surface. Breeze (T) have more than 10 percent (by volume) anthropogenic materials in the series control section. Caesar, Waupanucket (T), and Windsor soils have a surface and subsoil layers 10YR or redder. Chute, Dabney, Hodge, Pahuk, Pinegrove, Perks, Sardak, Sarpy and Suncook soils have not a B horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bigapple soils are on nearly level to very steep artificially created or modified landforms. These soils formed in anthrotransported soil material from dredging activities of nearby shorelines, waterways, bays or rivers. The anthrotransported soil material is relatively clean of human refuse. It is less than 20 percent pebbles or gravel. Sea shell fragments are present in some pedons. Slope ranges from 0 to 75 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 50 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 56 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Barren (T), Breeze (T), Fortress (T), Hooksan, Jamaica (T), Gravesend (T), Matunuck, Pawcatuck, Sandyhook (T), and Verrazano (T) soils. Barren, Fortress and Jamaica soils have water table within 40 inches from soil surface. Gravesend soils range more than 35 percent rock fragments in the control section. Verrazano soils have a contrasting particle size class within 40 inches from soil surface. Hooksan soils formed in wind transported materials on barrier islands. Ispswich, Pawcatuck and Matunuck are organic soils influenced by salt water. Sandyhook are mineral soils influenced by saltwater. Breeze soils contain 10 to 34 percent human artifacts.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: This soil is well drained. The potential for surface runoff is very low to low on vegetated slopes less than 20 percent, and medium on vegetated slopes 20 percent and greater. The potential for surface runoff is one class more rapid where the soil is unvegetated or the surface is poorly protected from erosion. Permeability is moderately rapid to rapid in the surface and rapid in the subsoil and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are covered with beach grasses, poison ivy, beach plum, red cedar, black cherry, smooth sumac, green briar, ailanthus, pin cherry, bayberry and milkweed. These soils are used for recreational development, urban development, beach cottages, and wildlife refuge.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils occur on modified landscapes in and near major urbanized areas of the Northeast. MLRA 149B and 144A. This series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: By correlation of Essex County, New Jersey based on pedon in Kings County, New York.
REMARKS: (1) Under a classification for man-disturbed soils, these soils may be classified as a type of (Dredgic), mixed, nonacid, mesic Dredgic Udipsamments. (2) Complete characterization data collected as pedons S95NY047-001 and S98NY047001.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 8 inches.
b. Non-cambic pedogenic horizon - the zone 8 to 20 inches.
c. The classification of this series is provisional until new Taxonomic classifications are developed for Anthropogenic soils.