LOCATION BREMS IN+MI WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Aquic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Brems loamy sand, on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 777 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--18 to 27 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--27 to 33 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; common fine prominent brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw4--33 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; common coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; common fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw5--46 to 56 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; common coarse faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulations throughout; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw6--56 to 66 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; few medium distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) weakly cemented masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation throughout; many medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw7--66 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 30 to 70 inches.)
BC--72 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; 2 miles north of Elkhart; 1,920 feet west and 830 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 10, T. 38 N., R. 5 E.; U.S.G.S. Elkhart, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 45 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 56 minutes 6 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 588538 easting and 4623190 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 80 inches
Depth to redoximorphic features: below 24 inches
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent throughout the series control section
Particle-size control section: averages more than 25 percent medium and coarser sand
Series control section: total fine sand and very fine sand content averages less than 70 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral depending upon liming history
E horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral depending upon liming history
Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
BC or C horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Algansee, Altmar, Birchwood, Brockatonorton, Deerfield, Elnora, Fortress (T), Meckling (T), Morocco, Ottokee, Partridge, Tedrow, and Zaborosky series. Morocco, Tedrow, and Zaborosky soils have redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less above a depth of 24 inches. Altmar soils average more than 10 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section. Algansee, Birchwood, and Deerfield soils have sola less than 40 inches thick. Brockatonorton soils have a buried histic epipedon in the middle part of the series control section. Elnora soils have less than 25 percent medium sand and coarser in the particle-size control section. Fortress soils have a Bw subsoil that is less than 30 inches thick. Meckling soils are calcareous throughout the series control section. Ottokee soils average more than 70 percent fine sand and very fine sand in the series control section. Partridge soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Brems soils formed in acid sandy outwash and are on outwash plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 120 to 190 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,700 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Denham, Maumee, Morocco, Newton, Osolo, Plainfield, and Tyner soils. Denham soils are deeper to 2 chroma redox depletions and are on higher positions. Maumee and Newton soils are very poorly drained and are in depressions. Morocco soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on slightly lower landform positions. The well drained Osolo soils and the excessively drained Plainfield and Tyner soils are on higher positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Permeability is rapid. The depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 2 to 3 feet for some time in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, and winter wheat. Irrigation is used extensively in some areas. Many areas are used for pasture or woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA's 91, 97, 98, 111, 95A, 95B, and 105 in northern Indiana, southern Michigan, and central Wisconsin. The soils are of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lake County, Indiana, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 9 inches (Ap horizon)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features (2 chroma iron depletions) present from 33 to 80 inches (Bw4, Bw5, Bw6, Bw7, BC)
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124247 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124248 represents the B slope (1 to 4 percent) phase.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 152930 represents the loamy fine sand phase.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 152931 represents the B slope (1 to 4 percent) of the loamy fine sand phase.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155018 represents the loamy fine sand complex with Morocco.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 401576 represents the complex of Brems with Morocco.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S90IN-039-004) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T90IN-039-024) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 80 percent Brems soils and 20 percent Osolo soils.