LOCATION CADIZ WI+INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Cadiz silt loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 950 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (l0YR 4/2) silt loam, light gray (l0YR 7/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick.)
BE--7 to 9 inches; brown (l0YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine fibrous roots; clean silt grains on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary (0 to 5 inches thick.)
Bt1--9 to l5 inches; brown (l0YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine fibrous roots; clean silt grains on faces of peds; few faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--l5 to 27 inches; brown (l0YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine fibrous roots; few faint clay films on all faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 12 to 26 inches.)
2Bt3--27 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; faint and nearly continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 10 to 15 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick.)
2C--38 to 60 inches; brown (l0YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak medium angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine distinct yellowish brown (l0YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about l0 to l5 percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Green County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles southeast of Browntown; about 2950 feet north and 1875 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 22, T. l N., R. 6 E. USGS Browntown, Wisconsin, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 32 minutes 30 seconds N.,and long. 89 degrees 45 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to carbonates both range from 24 to 55 inches. Thickness of the loess mantle ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages 25 to 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser. Smectite is the dominant clay mineral in the loess. The till averages from 27 to 40 percent clay and from 5 to 25 percent fine sand or coarser. Illite is the dominant clay mineral in the till. Coarse fragments are absent in the loess mantle. Volume of gravel ranges from 5 to 20 percent and volume of cobbles from 0 to 2 percent in the till. Reaction naturally is moderately acid or slightly acid in the surface and upper subsoil but ranges to neutral, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower subsoil and is slight alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Redox accumulations and saturation occur within a depth of 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
The Ap horizon has hue of l0YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon, 2 to 5 inches thick, with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is silt loam.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of l0YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam.
The BE horizon has hue of l0YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or l0YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, l0YR, or 2.5Y and value and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay loam or clay loam.
Some pedons have a 2BC horizon with hue of 7.5YR, l0YR, or 2.5Y; and value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture is silty clay loam or clay loam or the gravelly analogues of these textures.
The 2C horizon has color and texture like the 2BC horizon described above.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Birkbeck, Compton, Elco, Eleroy, Hedrick, Homen, Inton, Iona, Libre, Mayville, Minnith, Morningstun, Newvienna, Redbud, Rocheport, Rockfield, Somonauk, Uniontown, Winfield, and Zurich series. A similar soil is the Juda series. Birkbeck soils have a loess (or other silty mantle) more than 40 inches thick to till. Compton soils average less than 25 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Elco, Hedrick, Homen, Inton, Libre, Minnith, Newvienna, and Winfield soils do not have carbonates within the series control section. Eleroy and Rocheport soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Iona soils have less than 10 percent sand throughout the series control section. Mayville soils have less than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Morningsun soils have less than 10 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Redbud soils have less than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Rockfield soils have a densic contact in the lower part of the series control section. Somonauk soils have less than 20 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Uniontown soils have less than 5 percent coarse fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Zurich soils have less than 27 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Juda soils moist value of 3 or less and dry value of 5 or less in the surface layer after mixing to a depth of 7 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cadiz soils are on loess-mantled ground moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 2 to l2 percent. The soil formed in loess and in the underlying moderately fine-textured till Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 34 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from about 47 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are mainly the Juda and Morley soils. The well drained and moderately well drained Morley soils are nearby on similar landscapes, but more common on slopes below the Cadiz soils where the loess is thinner. On similar landscapes, but where the surface layer is darker colored, the well drained and moderately well drained Juda soils occur next to the Cadiz soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is medium or high. Permeability is moderate in the loess and moderately slow in the till. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at depths of 2.5 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain and hay. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Wisconsin (Green County), east-central Illinois and west-central Indiana. This soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Green County, Wisconsin, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap, BE). Argillic horizon - 9 to 38 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3). The 1.2 clay ratio may not be met in the 2Bt3. Oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within 40 inches.