LOCATION CANINA KS+OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcidic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Canina loam - in cropland field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; common fine roots; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Btk1--6 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and plastic; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on ped surfaces; about 10 percent visible calcium carbonate in the form of films, threads, and masses; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
Btk2--17 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and plastic; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on ped surfaces; about 3 percent visible calcium carbonate in the form of films and threads; violently effervescent (HCl, 1 normal); moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 15 inches thick)
2Btk3--27 to 43 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and plastic; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on ped surfaces; about 3 percent visible calcium carbonate in the form of films and threads; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
2Btk4--43 to 57 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and plastic; few fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on ped surfaces; about 3 percent visible calcium carbonate in the form of films and threads; strongly effervescent (HCl, 1 normal); moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
2Btk5--57 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and plastic; few faint clay films on ped surfaces; about 8 percent visible calcium carbonate in the form of films, threads, and masses; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Stevens County, Kansas; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 56 and State Highway 25 northeast of Hugoton, 12 miles north on Highway 25, 0.5 mile west on county road, 50 feet north down turn row, 160 feet east in cropland; 2800 feet east and 50 feet north of the southwest corner of Sec. 4, T31S, R37W; Latitude: 37 degrees 22 minutes 25.5 seconds N; Longitude: 101 degrees 20 minutes 45.8 seconds W; Wagon Bed Spring SE, Kansas, USGS quad; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 205 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 57 to 59
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 0 to 20 inches
Depth to calcic horizon: 10 to 40 inches.
Solum thickness: more than 80 inches.
Particle-size control section: 20 to 35 percent silicate clay.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, and 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam
Effervescence: slight too violent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
Note: when this horizon meets the color requirements of a mollic epipedon, it fails to meet the thickness or organic carbon requirements.
Bw horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, and 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: commonly silt loam or silty clay loam, but includes loam and clay loam with the sand fraction dominated by very fine sand
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
Btk horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, and 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam with the sand fraction dominated by very fine sand
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: films, threads, masses, and concretions range from few to many
Calcium carbonate equivalent: ranges from 5 to 20 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
2Btk horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, and 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: films, threads, masses, and concretions range from few to many
Calcium carbonate equivalent: ranges from 5 to 20 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
Bk horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, and 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: films, threads, masses, and concretions range from few to many
Calcium carbonate equivalent: ranges from 5 to 20 percent
Texture: commonly silt loam or silty clay loam, but includes loam and clay loam
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Acantilado,
Cahona,
Kucu,
Plughat, and
Villegreen series. Similar soils include
Atchison,
Hugoton,
Wagonbed, and
Vorhees series.
Acantilado series: has soil color of 5YR or redder in the argillic horizon.
Atchison series: has fine-loamy particle size class.
Cahona series: formed in eolian material derived from sandstone.
Hugoton series: has a mollic epipedon and does not have a calcic horizon.
Kucu series: formed in eolian material derived from sandstone and igneous sources.
Plughat series: formed in loess and residuum derived from sedimentary materials.
Villegreen series: formed in loess over sandstone.
Vorhees series: has coarse-loamy particle size class.
Wagonbed series: has a cambic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy, calcareous, eolian loess deposits of Holocene age.
Landform: nearly level to very gently sloping plains.
Slopes: 0 to 3
Elevation: 2,900 to 3,700 feet.
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 57 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 16 to 21 inches.
Frost-free period: 162 to 203 days
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 34.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the
Belfon,
Bigbow,
Dalhart,
Eva,
Forgan,
Hugoton,
Vorhees, and
Zella soils.
Bigbow and Forgan soils are on landscape positions similar to Canina.
Dalhart, Eva, and Vorhees soils are on low hills and ridges.
Belfon, Hugoton, and Zella soils are on broad, nearly level landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Moderate permeability. Surface runoff is negligible on 0 to 1 percent slopes and very low on 1 to 3 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for cropland. Principle crops grown are wheat, grain sorghum, and corn. Climax vegetation is mainly mid and short grasses and includes blue grama, sideoats grama, and buffalograss, with lesser amounts of vine-mesquite, western wheatgrass, tobosa, silver bluestem, wild alfalfa, and prairie clover. This soil has been correlated to the Limy Upland (R077XY012KS) and (R077AY055OK) range site in MLRA-77A.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle (MLRA-77A in LRR H). The series is of minor extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: MLRA-77 update of Stevens County, Kansas; 2003.
REMARKS: These soils were previously included with the Mansic and Ulysses series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 6 inches (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: 6 to 80 inches (Btk & 2Btk horizons).
Calcic horizon: 17 to 27 inches (Btk2 horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL lab data available; S93KS-189-002 (Stevens County, Kansas)
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Ninth Edition, 2003.