LOCATION DANNEMORA NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Typic Fragiaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Dannemora gravelly fine sandy loam, on a 1 percent slope in a hayfield. (Colors refer to moist soil.)
Ap-- 0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 20 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (7 to 10 inches thick.)
Eg-- 8 to 11 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine roots; few medium pores; 20 percent rock fragments; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion and few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick.)
Bg-- 11 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly fine sandy loam; massive; friable; few roots; few medium pores; 25 percent rock fragments; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick.)
Bxg-- 16 to 42 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure; very firm, brittle; few medium pores; thin clay linings in pores; 40 percent rock fragments; common medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; diffuse irregular boundary. (18 to 36 inches thick.)
Cd-- 42 to 72 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam; massive with plate-like divisions; very firm; 45 percent rock fragments; few fine black (10YR 2/1) organic accumulations; few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Franklin County, New York; Town of Chateaugay, 1.9 mile north of town line and 0.9 mile west of county line; 50 feet north of abandoned road in level area. USGS Chateaugay, NY topographic quadrangle. Latitude 44 degrees, 53 minutes, 40 seconds N. and Longitude 74 degrees, 01 minutes, 48 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 30 to 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Depth to the top of the fragipan ranges from 12 to 20 inches. Rock fragment content in the mineral material ranges from 10 to 35 percent, by volume, above the fragipan and from 25 to 50 percent in the fragipan and substratum. Rock fragments are dominantly gravel and channers but also include some cobbles and stones.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. In uncultivated areas, A horizons are 1 to 6 inches thick and have colors similar to the Ap horizon except chroma ranges from 0 through 2. Texture ranges from silt loam to sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.
The Eg horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam to sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or platy, or the material is massive. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid. In some pedons the E horizon is replaced by a B or BE horizon in part or in total.
The Bg horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is similar to the E horizon. Structure is subangular blocky, or the horizon is massive. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.
The Bx horizon has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5 and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam, loam or sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid. Some pedons have a 2Bx horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. It is massive wand may have plate-like divisions. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral. Some pedons have a 2Cd horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
The Brayton, Burnham, Cabot, Chippewa, Ellery, Marcy, Monarda, Norwell and Whitman series are similar soils in related families. Brayton soils have chroma of more than 2 in a subhorizon within a depth of 30 inches. Burnham, Cabot and Monarda soils lack a fragipan. Chippewa, Ellery and Marcy soils have fine-loamy particle-size control sections. Norwell soils have sandy particle-size control sections. Whitman soils are in a mesic soil temperature class.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dannemora soils developed in till derived principally from sandstone and other acid sedimentary and igneous rocks. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 52 inches; mean annual temperature ranges from 41 degrees to 45 degrees F., and the frost-free season ranges from 90 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 150 to 1500 above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adams, Colton, Croghan, Duane, Empeyville, Naumburg, Tughill, Westbury and Worth soils. Adams, Croghan and Naumburg soils developed in nearby sandy deltaic deposits. Colton and Duane soils developed in gravelly glacial outwash. Well drained Worth, moderately well drained Empeyville, somewhat poorly drained, Westbury and very poorly drained Tughill soils are drainage associates of Dannemora soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in the mineral material is moderately high to high above the fragipan and moderately high to low in the fragipan and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Some areas that are drained are used for hay and pasture. Wooded areas support red maple, elm, ash, fir, hemlock, spruce, and white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern New York. MLRA 141, 142, and 143. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Orange County, New York, 1954.
REMARKS: In undistrubed areas thin E and Bh or Bs horizons are intermittently present in low micro-relief knolls. These layers are too thin and shallow to qualify as spodic horizons. These horizons are mixed in cultivation, and the classification is based on the resulting soil.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typical pedon are:
(1) Ochric Epipedon - the zone from the surface to 8 inches (Ap horizon).
(2) Cambic horizon - the zone from 11 to 16 inches (Bg horizon).
(3) Fragipan - the zone from a depth of 16 to 42 inches.
(4) Aquepts - as evidenced low chroma matrix colors and mottles within a depth of 20 inches (Eg and Bg horizons).