LOCATION DUEL MI+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Duel sand - forested. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; black (N 2/0) sand, dark gray (N 4/0) dry; grains of brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand; weak fine granular structure parting to single grain; loose; common very fine to coarse roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E--3 to 9 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) loamy sand, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; single grain; loose; common very fine to coarse roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
Bs1--9 to 21 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) loamy sand; single grain; loose; common very fine to coarse roots; ortstein occupies about 10 percent of the horizon and is weakly cemented; ortstein occurs as discontinuous chunks; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. (4 to 15 inches thick)
Bs2--21 to 30 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose; few very fine to coarse roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
2C--30 to 38 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly
very fine sandy loam; massive; firm; few very fine to coarse roots; about 35 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
3R--38 inches; limestone bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Chippewa County, Michigan, about 2 miles southwest of the village of Goetzville 2,000 feet west and 50 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 42 N., R. 2 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to limestone bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the solum and C horizon and from 10 to 45 percent in the 2C horizon. Cobble content ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. The control section averages less than 35 percent rock fragments. All rock fragments are composed of limestone.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR or is neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 3. It is sand or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 5 to 7; and chroma of 1 or 3. It is sand or loamy sand. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 4. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bs2 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. Reaction of the Bs2 horizon ranges from strongly acid to neutral. The Bs horizons are sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand or coarse sand.
Some pedons have a C horizon with hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, or coarse sand. Reaction of the C horizon ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR hue, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. It ranges from loamy sand to clay loam or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It contains free carbonates. A few limestone flagstones or cobbles are in some pedons but typically the soil lacks stones.
COMPETING SERIES: There are the Chinwhisker, Deerton, East Lake, Hartwick (T), Ishpeming, Karlin, Kiva, Manitowish, Missisquoi, Pence, Rousseau, Rubicon, Sayner, and Vilas series. The Chinwhisker, East Lake, Hartwick, Karlin, Manitowish, Missisquoi, Pence, Rousseau, Rubicon, Sayner and Vilas soils do not have lithic contacts within 60 inches. Deerton soils have rock fragments composed of sandstone and are underlain by acid sandstone bedrock within depths of 20 to 40 inches. Ishpeming soils have rock fragments composed of granite, schists, slates and quartzite and are underlain by igneous bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Duel soils are on nearly level to sloping areas on shallow till plains or outwash plains. Dominant slopes are 1 to 12 percent. They formed in sandy glacial drift material overlying limestone bedrock. Mean annual precipitation is 27 to 33 inches, and the mean annual temperature is about 41 to 45 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kalkaska, Menominee, Shelter and Summerville soils on similar landscape positions. The Kalkaska soils are very deep. The Menominee soils are very deep and are sandy over loamy. The Shelter soils are very deep and are coarse-loamy Summerville soils have bedrock at depths of less than 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Small scattered areas are used for general farming. Most of this soil is in second growth woodland. Quaking aspen, red maple, and sugar maple are the dominant tree species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The northeastern part of the Upper Peninsula and northeastern Wisconsin. This series is inextensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Arenac County, Michigan, 1964.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 9 inches (A and E horizon); albic horizon - the zone from 3 to 9 inches (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 9 to 21 inches (Bs horizon); lithic contact at 38 inches.
The soil is now well drained only. The moderately well drained phase is no longer within the series concept.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0137.