LOCATION FELDHAUSER MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Oxyaquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Feldhauser fine sandy loam - on a 2 percent slope in a cultivated field on a moraine at an elevation of about 1,340 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap-0 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bw1-10 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-18 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 7 to 23 inches)
B/E-21 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt), occupies about 85 percent of the horizon surrounded by brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry (E); moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and many faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (9 to 16 inches thick)
Bt-30 to 39 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and many faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in root channels; few fine and medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) iron accumulations throughout; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 27 inches thick.)
2E and Bt--39 to 54 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry (E);weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; loose; with lamellae of strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand (Bt); weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common clay bridging between sand grains; lamellae are 1/4 to 2 inches thick; about 10 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 30 inches thick)
2C-54 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Crawford County, Michigan; about 3 miles east of the village of Frederic 2,550 feet west and 900 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 28, T. 28 N., R. 3 W., Maple Forest Township; USGS Big Bradford Lake 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 47 minutes 52 seconds N, long. 84 degrees 40 minutes 32 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Lamellae extend to a depth that ranges from 30 to greater than 80 inches. The depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 35 to greater than 60 inches. Depth to bright redoximorphic features from 25 to 40 inches. The gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout the pedon. Cobble content ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. Total rock fragments range from 0 to 10 percent.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Dry color value is 6 or more. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Undisturbed areas have a thin O horizon overlying an A horizon. Some pedons have a thin E horizon below an A horizon. The A and E horizons range from strongly acid to neutral.
The Bw1 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The Bw2 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The Bt part of the B/E and the Bt horizons have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. They are sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam. The Bt horizon contains less than 50 percent very fine sand and from 8 to 18 percent clay. These horizons are firm when moist and hard and brittle when dry. Reaction of the B/E horizon ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid and reaction of the Bt horizon ranges from strongly acid to neutral. The E part of the B/E has hue 10YR, value 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. Some pedons have an E/B horizon.
The E part of the 2E and Bt horizon has hue 10YR, value 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sand or loamy sand. The Bt part of the 2E and Bt consists of lamellae 1/8 to 2 inches thick. It has the same colors as the Bt horizon above. It is sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand or loamy sand. The 2C horizon ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Closely related are Aftad, Blowers, Freeon, Haugen, Neopit and Scott Lake soils. These soils are superactive. In addition, Aftad soils are underlain with stratified loamy deposits. Blowers, Freeon, and Haugen soils are underlain with dense till. Neopit and Scott Lake soils do not have lamellae in the lower part of the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Feldhauser soils formed in loamy till or glaciofluvium underlain by sandy material on remnant moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 34 inches and mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 45 degrees F. Elevations range from 1200 to 1500 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blue Lake, Graycalm, Kalkaska, Montcalm, and Rubicon soils. The well drained Blue Lake and Montcalm soils and the somewhat excessively drained Graycalm soils have sandy textures in the upper part of the profile and occur on similar landscape positions. The somewhat excessively drained Kalkaska and the excessively drained Rubicon soils are sandy throughout and occur on similar landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The water table perches for a very short duration (3 to 5 weeks)in the spring and fall Saturation occurs above the 2E and Bt horizon. Once saturation occurs above this point, the tension zone is broken and water moves readily downward. Surface runoff is low or medium, depending on slope. Permeability is moderate in the loamy material and rapid in the sandy material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Areas of this soil are about equally divided between cropland and woodland. Where cultivated, the principle crop is hay. Native forest vegetation includes sugar maple, American basswood, American beech, yellow birch, eastern hophornbeam, and bigtooth aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Michigan; MLRA 94A The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crawford County, Michigan, 1992.
REMARKS: Investigation into the series concept showed a glossic horizon was dominant. This revision updates the classificaton from Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid, Oxyaquic Glossoboralfs to the present 8th Ed. Soil Taxonomy. It also updates the competing series and the location of the series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 10 inches
(Ap horizon);
Glossic horizon - the zone from 21 to 30 inches (B/E horizon);
Argillic horizon - the zone from 21 to 54 inches (Bt horizon), the Bt
portion of the B/E and the Bt portion of the 2E and Bt horizon;
Oxyaquic feature - strong brown Fe concentrations imply that the soil
is saturated with water in one or more layers within 100 cm of the
mineral soil surface for 1 month or more in most years.
ADDITIONAL DATA: See NSSL S92MI-039-001 for laboratory data sampled in nearby wooded area.