LOCATION FRIESLAND WI+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Friesland fine sandy loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 860 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; few fine tubular pores; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
A--9 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; common fine and few coarse tubular pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
AB--15 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; common fine and few coarse tubular pores; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--19 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common fine and few medium and coarse tubular pores; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--29 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common fine and few medium and coarse tubular pores; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 12 to 20 inches.)
2Bt3--35 to 45 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick)
2C--45 to 60 inches; mixed grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; massive; firm; few fine roots; many fine and common medium tubular pores; faint clay lining in pores toward upper boundary; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Columbia County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles northeast of Sauk City; 1,995 feet east and 830 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 16, T. 10 N., R. 7 E. USGS Sauk City, Wis. Quad. Latitude ? 43 degrees 20 minutes 55 seconds N., Longitude ? 89 degrees 40 minutes 21 seconds W. NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 32 to 60 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Thickness of the loamy outwash or eolian mantle and depth to the loess or other
silty material ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to till ranges from 40 to more than 80 inches. The particle-size control section averages 18 to 30 percent clay. Depth to carbonates is more than 40 inches. Rock fragments are absent except in a 3B or 3C horizon in till. Volume of gravel ranges from 2 to 25
percent and volume of cobbles from 0 to 5 percent in the till. Reaction naturally is moderately acid or slightly acid in the loamy mantle but ranges to slightly alkaline, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the silty deposits and from slightly acid to slightly alkaline in 3B horizons in till. Reaction is slightly alkaline or mderately alkaline in 3C horizons in till. Carbonates are in the till 3C horizon. Redox features occur below a depth of 35 inches and saturation below a depth of 40 inches.
The Ap, A, or AB horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam with less than 10 percent fine sand or coarser.
The 2C horizonhas hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam with less than 10 percent fine sand or coarser. Some pedons do not have a 2C horizon.
Some pedons have a 3Bt horizon in till with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sandy loam or loam or the gravelly analogs. Clay content is less than 20 percent. Clay content is less than 25 percent.
Some pedons have a 3C horizon in till with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is commonly sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam, but in some pedons it is loam or loamy sand or the gravelly analogs. Clay content is less than 17 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Atkinson,
Burchard,
Calmar,
Cokato,
Cresco,
Cresent,
Durand,
Griswold,
Hitt,
Jasper,
Joslin, Keasauqua,
Kishwaukee,
Marbletown,
Moingona,
Morrill,
Pana,
Parmod,
Penfield,
Reedslake,
Ringwood,
Rockton,
Schoolcraft,
Shelby,
Sibleyville,
Velma, and
Winnebago series.
Atkinson and Hittsoils have a lithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Burchard soils have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches and have less than 50 percent silt throughout the argillic horizon. The Calmar series is being made inactive. Cokato, Cresent, Griswold, Jasper,
Keosauqua, Kishwaukee, Morrill, Parmod, and Schoocraft soils have less than 50 percent silt throughout the argillic horizon and do not have redox features and saturation in the lower part of the series control section. The Cresco series is being reclassified as Oxyaquic Argiudolls. Durand soils have hue of 5YR in some part of the argillic and do not have redox features and saturation in the series control section. Joslin soils have more than 35 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section and do not have redox features or saturation there. Marbletown soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 4o to 60 inches. Moingona,
Reedslake, and Winnebago soils have less than 50 percent silt throughout the series control section.
Nuxmaruhanixete, Pana, and Ringwood soils do not have redox features or saturation in the series control section. Penfield soils are stratified in the lower part of the series control section. Rockton soils have a
lithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Shelby soils have less than 50 percent silt throughout the series control section and more than 25 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Sibleyville soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Velma soils need to be reclassified as Oxyaquic Argiudolls.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Friesland soils are on ground moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 7 percent. These soils formed in a mantle of loamy outwash or eolian deposits and in the underlying silty deposits. The origin of the silty deposit is thought to be eolian (loess). Glacial till is at a depth greater than 40
inches. Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 25 to 34 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from about 46 to 52 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing
Griswold and
Ringwood soils and
Grellton and
Plano soils. Griswold and Ringwood soils occupy slightly higher positions on the landscape and formed in glacial till with a thin surface
layer of loess. Grellton and Plano soils occupy similar positions on the landscape. Grellton soils do not have mollic epipedons. Plano soils formed in 40 to 60 inches of loess or other silty deposits and in underlying loamy stratified outwash or sandy loam till.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to high. Permeability is moderate. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 40 to 60 inches for some
time in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is mixed prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Wisconsin and northern Illinois. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County, Wisconsin, l972.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:Mollic epipedon - 0 to 19 inches (Ap, A, AB); Argillic horizon - 19 to 45 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3); other features ? seasonal high water table at a depth of 40 to 60
inches.