LOCATION GLADWIN MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Argic Endoaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Gladwin loamy sand - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 centimeters (0 to 4 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; about 5 percent medium gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches) thick]
E--10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand; light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the lower portion of this horizon; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [5 to 13 centimeters (2 to 5 inches) thick]
Bs--20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/3 and 4/4) sand; weak fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 10 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. [10 to 30 centimeters (4 to 12 inches) thick]
Bt--30 to 51 centimeters (12 to 20 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; clay bridging between sand grains; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 20 percent fine and medium gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 36 centimeters (4 to 14 inches) thick]
BC--51 to 64 centimeters (20 to 25 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; very friable; few fine roots; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation and common fine distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions; about 5 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches) thick]
2C--64 to 203 centimeters (25 to 80 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) stratified sand, gravelly sand, and very gravelly loamy sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions; about 45 percent fine and medium gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Otsego County, Michigan; 250 feet south and 750 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 31 N., R. 3 W., Livingston Township; USGS Gaylord Michigan 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 5 minutes 53.73 seconds N., and long. 84 degrees 39 minutes 22.04 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to calcium carbonates is 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand or loamy sand. Gravel content is 2 to 10 percent. Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid. Uncultivated areas have A horizons, 2 to 10 centimeters (1 to 4 inches) thick, with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is sand or loamy sand. Gravel content is 2 to 10 percent. Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid.
The Bs horizon has a hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, and value and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sand, loamy sand, or gravelly analogs. Gravel content is 5 to 20 percent. Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid.
Some pedons have a Bs2 horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is sandy loam or loamy sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs. Clay content is 5 to 18 percent. Gravel content is 5 to 35 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The BC horizon has a hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is sand, loamy sand, or gravelly analogs. Gravel content is 5 to 35 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is gravelly sand, very gravelly sand, or stratified sand and gravel. Gravel content is 20 to 50 percent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Otisco and Pequaming series. Otisco and Pequaming soils do not have calcium carbonates above a depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches). In addition, Otisco soils have less than 20 percent rock fragments in the lower control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Gladwin soils are on outwash plains, lake plains, valley trains, deltas, and low beach ridges. Slopes are 0 to 6 percent. Gladwin soils formed in sandy glaciofluvial material of Wisconsinan Age. Elevations range from 183 to 366 meters (600 to 1,200 feet). Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 660 to 890 centimeters (26 to 35 inches), and the mean annual temperature from 5.5 to 7.7 degrees C (42 to 46 degrees F). The frost free period is 80 to 160 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the East Lake, Epoufette, and Mancelona soils. The somewhat excessively drained Mancelona and poorly drained Epoufette soil are in a drainage sequence with Gladwin. The somewhat excessively drained East Lake soils are on higher landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The representative depth to wet soil moisture status ranges from 18 to 46 centimeters (0.5 to 1.5 feet) below the surface at some time during the months of October through June. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately rapid in the upper part and very rapid in the lower part. Surface runoff is negligible or very low.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are cropped to corn, hay, small grains, and beans and some vegetables. Artificial drainage is needed to successfully grow most crops. A large part is in permanent pasture, forest, or is idle cropland. The native vegetation was northern hardwoods such as quaking aspen, paper birch, sugar maple, with some balsam fir, eastern hemlock, and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Lower Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Grand Traverse County, Michigan, 1963.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 10 centimeters (0 to 4 inches) (Ap horizon).
Albic horizon - the zone from 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches) (E horizon).
Spodic horizon - the zone from 20 to 30 centimeters (8 to 12 inches) (Bs horizon).
Argillic horizon -the zone from 30 to 51 centimeters (12 to 20 inches (Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions (endosaturation) - the zone from 15 to 203 centimeters (6 to 80 inches)
(E,Bs, Bt, and C horizons).
The type location was moved to a more representative site and described to 203 centimeters (80 inches).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretations Record: MI0142, MI0507.