LOCATION HAPPYLAND VATentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Happyland gravelly loam in woods at 310 feet elevation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Oi-- 2 to 0 inches; slightly decomposed plant material.
Oa--0 to 2 inches; highly decomposed plant material; common fine roots and common medium roots.
A-- 2 to 6 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), gravelly sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common fine roots and common coarse roots; common fine moderate continuity tubular and common medium moderate continuity tubular pores; 25 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt1-- 6 to 10 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common medium roots and common coarse roots; common fine moderate continuity tubular and common medium moderate continuity tubular and common coarse high continuity tubular pores; many discontinuous distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay bridging between sand grains; 10 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2-- 10 to 16 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6), clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common medium roots and common coarse roots; few medium moderate continuity tubular and common very coarse high continuity tubular pores; many continuous distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on all faces of peds; 7 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3-- 16 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6), clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots and common medium roots and common coarse roots; few fine low continuity tubular pores; very many continuous distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay films on all faces of peds; 7 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; very strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary.
BC-- 30 to 44 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/4), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6), loam; massive; firm, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots; few patchy distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay films on all faces of peds; 3 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C1-- 44 to 76 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4), pale yellow (2.5Y 8/3), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6), sandy loam; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; few fine roots; 5 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; very strongly acid.
C2-- 76 to 84 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), pale yellow (2.5Y 8/3), yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy loam with red (2.5YR 4/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay threads; massive; friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; 7 percent subangular metaquartzite gravels; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Culpeper County, Virginia; from Richardsville, 2.7 miles east on Route 619. Site is in woods, 125 feet north-northwest of intersection of Route 619 and Route 683; Richardsville, Virginia USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangles
Latitude: 38 degrees, 24 minutes, 6.34 seconds north. Longitude: 77 degrees, 40 minutes, 57.17 seconds west. NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of argillic is 10 to 40 inches. The thickness of the solum is 20 to 55 inches. The particle-size control section averages 18 to 35 percent clay.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Rock fragments are mainly rounded medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels and cobbles. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid, unless limed.
Some pedons have an Ap horizon that has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam or loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 20 percent. Rock fragments are mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid, unless limed.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam or loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Rock fragments are mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite gravels and cobbles. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid, unless limed.
The Bt horizons have hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 30 percent, mainly subangular medium and coarse metaquartzite, schist or phyllite gravels and cobbles. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid. Some pedons may have lower subhorizons with hue of 2.5YR or variegated colors.
The BC horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, or variegated 2.5YR to 2.5Y; value of 5 or 6, or variegated 2 to 8; and chroma of 6 to 8, or variegated 1 to 8. It is loam, silt loam or clay loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 50 percent, mainly subangular medium and coarse schist or phyllite gravels. Reaction is very strongly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, or variegated 2.5YR to 2.5Y; value of 4 to 7; or variegated 2 to 8; and chroma of 6 to 8, or variegated 1 to 8. It is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. Rock fragment content ranges from 0 to 50 percent, mainly subangular medium and coarse schist or phyllite gravels. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: Allegheny, Allenwoood, Cades (tentative), Chetwynd, Drapermill (tentative), Elsinboro, Frankstown, Gilwood, Glenelg, Grosstown (tentative), Leck Kill, Lonon, Murrill, Nixon, Quesponco (tentative), Reybold (tentative), Rhodhiss (tentative), Shouns, Tate, Ungers and Whiteford soils have a semiactive cation exchange activity class. Drapermill (tentative) and Gilwood soils are moderately deep to paralithic or lithic contact. Allegheny, Cades (tentative), Elsinboro and Nixon soils develop in alluvium. Lonon, Murrill, Shouns and Tate soils develop in colluvium. Queponco (tentative) and Reybold (tentative) soils develop in fluvio-marine sediments. Allenwood soils develop in glacial till. Chetwynd soils develop in glacial outwash. Frankstown soils develop in residuum of limestone and limy shale and siltstone. Glenelg soils develop in residuum of micaceous schist. Leck Kill soils develop in glacial till or residuum of red shale, siltstone and sandstone. Rhodhiss (tentative) soils develop in residuum of acid crystalline rock in MLRA 136. Ungers soils develop in residuum of red sandstone and shale. Whiteford soils develop in residuum of dark colored slate.
Bedington, Brasstown, Clymer, Collington, Edgemont, Edneytown, Freehold, Gilpin, Gladstone, Hickorykob (tentative), Joanna, Junaluska, Millstone, Pennval, Pigeonroost, Rayne, Sauratown, Shelocta, Syenite and Wist (tentative) are competing soils in related families. Brasstown, Hickoryknob (tentative), Junaluska and Sauratown soils have a subactive cation exchange activity class. Brasstown soils develop in residuum of metasedimentary rocks in the Appalachian Mountains. Hickoryknob (tentative), Junaluska and Sauratown soils are moderately deep to paralithic or lithic contact. Bedington, Clymer, Collington, Edgemont, Edneytown, Freehold, Gilpin, Gladstone, Joanna, Millstone, Pennval, Pigeonroost, Rayne, Shelocta, Syenite and Wist (tentative) have an active cation exchange activity class. Bedington, Clymer, Gilpin and Rayne soils develop in residuum of interbedded siltstone, shale, and sandstone. Collington, Freehold and Wist (tentative) soils develop in fluvio-marine sediments. Pennval (tentative) and Shelocta develop in colluvium of shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Edneytown and Pigeonroost soils develop in residuum of igneous and high grade metamorphic rocks in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Edgemont soils develop in residuum of quartzitic rock and have moderate to moderately rapid permeability. Gladstone soils develop in colluvium and residuum of granitic gneiss in the Appalachian Mountains. Joanna soils develop in interbedded Triassic sandstone and conglomerate. Millstone soils develop in alluvium on stream terraces and floodplains. Syenite soils develop in loess over granite residuum.
Albemarle, Arendtsville, Bucks, Butano, Caylor (inactive), Chester, Eubanks, Ezel, Leedsville, Naceville (inactive), Pineville and Quakertown are soils in a related family and may become competitors as their classification is updated to the eighth edition of soil taxonomy. Albemarle, Bucks, Eubanks, Ezel, and Quakertown soils are all deep to paralithic or lithic contact. Albemarle soils develop in residuum of arkosic metasandstone. Bucks soils develop in residuum of red shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Eubanks soils develop in residuum of granodiorites. Ezel soils develop in alluvium over residuum on strath terraces. Quakertown soils develop in residuum of sandstone, siltstone, and argillite. Arentsville soils develop from residuum of Jurassic - Triassic fanglomerate. Butano soils develop in residuum of siliceous slates of the Monteray formation. Chester soils develop in residuum of micaceous schist and have moderate permeability. Leedsville soils develop in residuum of Jurassic - Triassic interbedded sandstone and conglomerate. Pineville soils develop in colluvium of sandstone, siltstone, and shale.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Happyland soils formed in residuum from schist, phyllite, metamonzonite and gneiss in the Northern Piedmont. Happyland soil are on summits, shoulders, and backslopes of side slopes, head slopes and nose slopes of ridges. Slope gradients range from 0 to 45 percent. Mean annual air temperature 55.7 degrees F., with average winter temperature of 35.4 degrees F and average summer temperature of 74.6 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 36.47 to 48.39 inches, frost free days range from 237 to 185 days, and elevation ranges from 100 feet to 400 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Penhook (tentative), Yellowbottom (tentative), Goldvein, Blocktown, and Drapermill soils. The well drained Penhook and Yellowbottom (tentative) soils are on similar landscape positions. The moderately well drained Goldvein soils are on summits and shoulders of sideslopes and headslopes. The well drained Blocktown and Drapermill soils are on steeper side slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff potential is medium to high. Permeability is moderate in the upper part and moderately slow to slow in the lower parts of the series control section. In undisturbed areas the depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table is greater than 60 inches in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mainly in woodlands. Small areas have been cleared for cropland, hayland, and pasture. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods, but much has been harvested and replanted to pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 136 (mesic) and 148. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES PROPOSED: Culpeper County, Virginia, 2003.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) ochric epipedon - from 0 to 6 inches (Oa and A horizons)
2) argillic horizon - from 6 to 30 inches (Bt horizons)