LOCATION HEBRON             WI

HEBRON SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Hebron loam - on a south-facing slope of 2 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 688 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)

E--7 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) in upper part grading to brown (10YR 5/3) in lower part, loam; moderate medium platy structure; friable; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)

Bt1--11 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)

Bt2--16 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate and strong medium angular blocky and subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;f peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)

2Bt3--24 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky and subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; few medium distinct brown(7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)

2C--29 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam with thin (2-15 mm) strata of very fine sandy loam, silt, silt loam, silty clay and clay; massive; friable; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Racine County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles north and 2 miles west of Racine; 698 feet west and 495 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 14, T. 4 N., R. 22 E. USGS Racine North, Wisconsin, topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 48 minutes 45 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 51 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the loamy outwash mantle ranges from 20 to 36 inches. Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to carbonates both range from 20 to 40 inches but dont always coincide. The particle size control section averages from 18 to 35 percent clay and from 20 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 20 percent in the loamy outwash. The underlying lacustrine deposits contain no rock fragments. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the soil and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the lower part. Redox accumulations and saturation occur within a depth of 40 inches. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less occur below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon in some pedons.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR , value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Colors with moist value of 3 have value dry of 6 or more. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is loam, sandy loam, or silt loam.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loam, sandy loam, or silt loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam or the gravell analogs.

The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is typically silty clay loam but in some pedons it is silty clay and in some pedons it has thin strata of finer or coarser texture. In some pedons, a thin, somewhat darker and more clayey horizon (Beta B) is just above the 2C horizon.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, and value of 4 to 6. Chroma is typically 3 or 4, but in some pedons it is 2. Texture is typically silt clay loam with thin strata of finer or coarser texture.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bassett, Coggon, Dormont, and Nessel series. None of these series have stratification in the lower part of the series control section and all have rock fragments there. In addition Bassett soils are more than 40 inches deep to carbonates and Coggon and Dormont soils have no carbonates within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Hebron soils are on glacial lake basins and stream terraces. Slopes are dominantly 2 to 6 percent but the full range is from 0 to 6. These soils formed in a mantle of loamy outwash and in the underlying mostly clayey and silty stratified lacustrine deposits. Mean annual air temperature ranges from about 47 to 51 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 35 inches.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Andres, Aztalan, Del Rey, Fox, Ionia, Mosel, and Saylesville soils. Andres, Aztalan, and Mosel soils are somewhat poorly drained and are nearby on nearly level or gently sloping areas. Mosel soils commonly form a drainage sequence with the Hebron soils. In some places, the somewhat poorly drained Del Rey soils and well drained and moderately well drained Saylesville soils are nearby but these soils have finer-textured sola. In nearby areas, where the substratum is stratified sand and gravel, are the well drained Fox and moderately well drained Ionia soils.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is low or moderate. Permeability is moderate in the loamy outwash and moderately slow in the stratified lacustine deposits. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table within a depth of 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is used for cropland. The main crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some of the more sloping areas and small isolated areas are in pasture or remain in woodlots. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest, mainly of oaks.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Wisconsin. These soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County, Wisconsin, 1912.

REMARKS: 7/14/04 - A total of 21,406 acres of Hebron soils have been correlated in 10 surveys in Wisconsin. In 5 of these published surveys, representing almost 2/3 of the correlated acres, the typical pedon has redoxomorphic features (Oxyaquic). In the other 5 published surveys, the typical pedon has no redoxomorphic features (Typic). Therefore, this revision redefines Hebron as moderately well drained only and reclassifies it as an Oxyaquic Hapludalf. A new series needs to be set up for the well drained acres (Typic Hapludalf) when these areas are updated.

Also, at least some of the areas correlated as Hebron are formed in loamy outwash over clayey till. This includes at least some of the acreage in the Kenosha-Racine survey and possibly in the Milwaukee-Waukesha, Ozaukee, and Washington surveys. These areas are outside the concept of the Hebron series. They need to be correlated to another (new?) series when these surveys are updated.

Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 11 inches (Ap, E ); argillic horizon - 11 to 29 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3 ); other features - albic horizon - 7 to 11 inches (E); Oxyaquic feature redoxomorphic features and saturation at 24 inches.