LOCATION HOCHHEIM WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Hochheim silt loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 1,010 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak coarse and moderate medium granular structure; friable; about 2 percent dolomitic gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
2Bt1--7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; very firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; many earthworm casts; about 15 percent dolomitic gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt2--11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3 and 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; a few clay filled pores; about 15 percent dolomitic gravel; slightly effervescent in the lower part; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 7 to 17 inches.)
2Cd1--16 to 24 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure becoming massive with depth; firm; a few clay filled pores; about 18 percent dolomitic gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
2Cd2--24 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loam; massive; firm; very compact in places; roots extend into this layer; about 25 percent dolomitic gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles northeast of Theresa; 1,300 feet north and 800 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 36, T. 13 N., R. 17 E. USGS Lomira Wisconsin, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 31 minutes 32 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 24 minutes 12 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to carbonates both range from 12 to 24 inches but dont always coincide. Depth to a densic contact ranges from 12 to 24 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 5 to 10 inches. Thickness of the loess mantle ranges from 0 to 10 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the loess; from 0 to 20 percent in the upper part of the soil formed in till; and from 5 to 35 percent in the lower part of the soil formed in till and in the till substratum. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 1 percent in the loess and from 0 to 10 percent in the till. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the A and B horizons and is moderately alkaline in the C horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. Some pedons have A horizons, 3 to 5 inches thick, with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Where there is a loess mantle, texture of the Ap or A horizon is silt loam. Where the loess mantle is absent, texture is typically loam but is clay loam in some severely eroded phases.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam where there is a loess mantle and loam where there is none.
The 2Bt horizon (Bt horizon in pedons without a loess mantle) has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 or 4 .Texture is typically clay loam or loam or the gravelly analogs, but is fine sandy loam or sandy loam or the gravelly analogs in some pedons. At the contact between B and C horizon a darker colored and more clayey thin subhorizon (Beta B) is present in some pedons.
The 2Cd horizon (Cd horizon in pedons without a loess mantle) has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 40 to 60 percent. Bulk density ranges from 1.8 to 2.0 grams per cubic centimeter.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the La Rose, Lickcreek, Linkville, Plattville, Wea, and Wyanet series. La Rose soils have a calcium carbonate equivalent of less than 40 percent in the lower part of the series control section. Lickcreek soils are more than 40 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon and more than 40 inches deep to carbonates. Linkville and Wea soils are more than 40 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon and to carbonates. Plattville soils have a lithic contact at a depth of 40 t0 60 inches. Wyanet soils are more than 24 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hochheim soils are on convex slopes on large drumlins and sloping ground moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. These soils formed in loamy till typically with a thin loess mantle. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 51 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Nenno and Theresa soils. The somewhat poorly drained Nenno soils form a drainage sequence on gentle gradients with the Hochheim soils. Where the loess mantle is thicker, Theresa soils are common associates in less sloping areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff ranges from low to very high. Permeability is moderate in the surface and subsoil and moderately slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and hay. Some areas are used for woodland or pastureland. Native vegetation is principally maple-basswood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Wisconsin in areas of highly calcareous loamy till. The Hochheim soils are extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, June 1970.
REMARKS:
7/04 There are 226,199 acres correlated in 10 surveys in Wisconsin. No moderately well drained acres have been correlated. Therefore, this revision redefines this series as well drained only. Also, based on lab data from one Hochheim pedon and from two pedons of a related series (Theresa) in the same till, the concept of the till is changed to densic material (2Cd).
Laboratory data ia available from two pedons. The data shows a cation-exchange activity class of active in one pedon and superactive in the other. The data also shows a dry bulk density of 1.8 to 1.9 in the C horizon within depths of 40 inches for one pedon. Lab data is needed from additional pedons to verify cation-exchange activity class and presence or absence of densic materials in the substratum.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - 0 to 7 inches (Ap); argillic horizon - 7 to 16 inches (Bt1, Bt2).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Data is available from National Soil Survey Laboratory at Lincoln, Nebraska, for pedon numbers S68WI-015-001 and S68WI-015-002.