LOCATION HOLDERTON NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Fluventic Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Holderton silt loam on a 1 percent slope in a hayfield. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap-- 0 to 10 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium and fine granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots and common medium roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 10 to 18 inches, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; common fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and common fine and medium pale brown (10YR 6/3) areas of iron depletions; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 18 to 35 inches, brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations and olive gray (5Y 5/2) areas of iron depletion on 60% of ped faces; common fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the B horizon is 3 to 30 inches thick.)
C1-- 35 to 42 inches, 60% grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and 40% light olive brown sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; many coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulations in the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
C2-- 42 to 72 inches, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) gravelly loamy coarse sand; loose; single grained; 30 percent gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Allegany County, New York, Town of Willing, 150 feet southwest of intersection of County Route 29 and Mapes Road. USGS Wellsville South, NY topographic quadrangle; elevation 1550 feet; Latitude 42 degrees, 2 minutes, 53 seconds N. and Longitude 77 degrees, 55 minutes, 46 seconds W., NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 24 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is 60 inches or more. Rock fragments, mainly gravel, range from 0 to 10 percent by volume in the surface layer, from 0 to 20 percent in the subsoil, and from 0 to 35 percent in the substratum. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral in the solum and from slightly acid to mildly alkaline in the substratum.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam.
The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 through 4. Texture is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The BC horizon has colors and textures similar to the B horizon. Structure is platy, or the horizon is massive.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 through 6. Texture is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam, in the fine-earth fraction. Some pedons have a 2C horizon of loamy fine sand or loamy sand below a depth of 36 inches that is stratified.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other known series in the same family.
Briscott, Holton, Lim, Raypol, Raynham, Rippowam, Wakeville, Wayland, and Wyalusing series are similar soils in related families. The Briscott soils are in areas with cool dry summers and cool wet winters and have less than 26 degrees F. difference between mean summer and mean winter temperatures. Holton soils formed in alluvium from glaciated uplands of Illinoian age, are in areas with a warmer mean temperature and longer growing season, and have less weatherable minerals. Lim and Rippowam soils have an AC profile, lacking a developed subsoil. Also, Rippowam soils have dominantly loamy fine sand or coarser texture in the lower part of the control section. Raynham and Wakeville soils are coarse-silty in the particle-size control section. Wyalusing and Raypol soils are coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, and Wayland soils are fine-silty.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Holderton soils are nearly level and are on flood plains along low gradient streams. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The soils formed in recent alluvium derived from glacial drift of Wisconsin age. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches; mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 50 degrees F.; and the growing season ranges from 110 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Holderton soils are the somewhat poorly drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the well drained Tioga, moderately well drained Middlebury, and poorly and very poorly drained Wayland soils. Chenango, Howard, and Valois soils are on adjacent higher gravelly terraces. Mardin, Volusia, Chautauqua and Busti soils are glacial till soils on surrounding hillsides. Raynham and Getzville soils are silty soils that occupy similar lowlands positions but are not subject to common flooding.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high in the mineral soil.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in corn and hay crops. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods including red maple, sugar maple, white ash, walnut and Eastern hemlock.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwestern and South Central New York. MLRA 101, 139 140. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chautauqua County, New York 1988.
REMARKS: Holderton series was proposed for somewhat poorly drained soils previously included with the Middlebury series. The Middlebury series is now restricted to moderately well drained.
The original pedon from Chautauqua County, NY classified as a Fluvaquentic Endoaquept in the 8th edition of Soil Taxonomy. In 2005 a new pedon from Allegany County, NY was substituted for the original pedon from Chautauqua County, NY because of changes in the 9th edition of Soil Taxonomy. Pedons from the 3 counties where this has been mapped in NY (Chautauqua, Cattaraugus and Allegany) classify as Fluventic Endoaquepts using the 9th edition.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 10 inches (Ap horizon).
2. Irregular decrease in organic carbon with depth and is greater than 0.2 percent within 1.25 meters.
3. An Aquic moisture regime - evidenced by low chroma ped face colors and redoximorphic features in the Bw2 horizon.
4. Particle-size control section from 10 to 40 inches that is coarse-loamy weighted average.