LOCATION KALEVA MITentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Kaleva sand - on a north facing, convex, 2 percent slope in a forested area at an elevation of 780 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated. When described on June 18, 1996, the soil was moist throughout.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand, gray (7.5YR 5/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and few medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 3 inches thick)
E--3 to 9 inches; (70%) brown (7.5YR 5/2) and (30%) brown (7.5YR 4/2) sand, light gray (7.5YR 7/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 11 inches thick)
Bhs--9 to 11 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and few medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (1 to 2 inches thick)
Bs1--11 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; single column of very weakly cemented, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) ortstein about 4 inches wide extends into the Bs2 horizon; ortstein occupies 10 percent of the horizon; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bs2--16 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; single column of very weakly cemented, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) ortstein about 4 inches wide extends from the Bs1 through this horizon into the upper part of the C1 horizon; ortstein occupies 10 percent of the horizon; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bs horizons is 10 to 13 inches.)
C1--21 to 70 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; single column of very weakly cemented, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) ortstein about 4 inches wide extends from the Bs2 horizon into the upper part of the C1 horizon to a depth of 37 inches; ortstein occupies 10 percent of that portion of the horizon; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C2--70 to 96 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Manistee County, Michigan; 3 miles southeast of the village of Copemish, Springdale township; 100 feet west of the northeast corner of section 26, T. 24 N., R. 14 W., USGS Copemish 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 57 minutes 36 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature is 47 to 49 degrees F. Ortstein ranges up to 50 percent of the profile. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout the profile.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Some pedons have an Ap horizon. It has the same colors and textures as the A horizon. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Bs horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. The amount of ortstein occurring as columns or tongues ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
Some pedons have a BC horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 or 7. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid.
A deep water phase is recognized.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lynden and the Nessen series. Lynden soils formed in volcanic materials and under more annual precipitation than the Kaleva soils. Nessen soils have carbonates between 40 and 55 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kaleva soils are on outwash plains, lake plains, and moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 50 percent. These soils formed in sandy deposits. Elevations ranges from 600 to 1000 feet. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 32 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 47 to 49 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Grattan, Benzonia (T), Brethren (T), Covert, Pipestone, Saugatuck and Dair (T). The Grattan and Benzonia soils are on similar landform positions as the Kaleva soils. The Brethren, Covert, Pipestone, Saugatuck and Dair soils are wetter members of a drainage sequence with the Kaleva soils
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. Runoff is low. Permeability is rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the Kaleva soils are forested or are idle. Some areas are used for orchard crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern lower peninsula of Michigan, MLRA 96. This soil is of minor extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES PROPOSED: Manistee County, Michigan, 1996. Source of the name is a village in the county.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - from a depth of 0 to 9 inches (A and E horizons); albic horizon - from a depth of 3 to 9 inches (E horizon); Spodic horizon - from a depth of 9 to 16 inches (Bhs and Bs horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Site of Typical Pedon: Reference Soil No. S96MI-101-002, National Soil Survey Laboratory Pedon No. 97P 134, Sample No. 97P 915-920.