LOCATION KAYMINE WV+KY VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Typic Udorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Kaymine very channery loam, stony, on a 70 percent slope in a area of black locust trees and jewelweed. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Oe--0 to 2 inches; partially decomposed leaf litter.
A--2 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) very channery loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and few large roots; 50 percent channers and stones (60 percent siltstone, 40 percent sandstone); neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
C1--5 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) very channery loam; massive; friable; common fine and medium roots; common yellow, brown, and gray lithochromic mottles; 50 percent channers and stones (60 percent siltstone, 40 percent sandstone); neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--19 to 67 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) extremely channery loam; massive; friable; few fine and medium roots to 24 inches; common yellow, brown, and gray lithochromic mottles; 70 percent channers and stones (60 percent siltstone, 40 percent sandstone); neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizon is 60 inches or more.)
TYPE LOCATION: Wyoming County, West Virginia; Oceana District; 1.2 miles by coal haul road northwest of Clear Fork Gap on Guyandotte Mountain and about 1300 feet southwest (210 degrees) of Raleigh County at the boundary of Trap Hill and Marsh Fork Districts on Locust Ridge. USGS Arnett Quad; lat. 37 degrees 46 minutes 12 seconds N. and long. 81 degrees 27 minutes 14 seconds W. NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to mildly alkaline. Fragments of rock range from 15 to 80 percent by volume throughout the profile but average 35 percent or more in the particle-size control section. Rock fragments are siltstone, sandstone, shale, and coal, and the percentage of any one rock type is less than 65 percent of the total rock fragments in the control section. Rock fragments are mostly channers, but stones and a few boulders are included. Clay content in the fine earth fraction of the particle-size control section ranges from 18 to 27 percent. Most pedons have red, brown, yellow, or gray lithochromic mottles in some or all horizons.
Many pedons that are vegetated have Oe horizons and in some cases, Oi horizons. These horizons range to about 3 inches in thickness.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 4. The fine earth material is loam or silt loam. The A horizon of some pedons was formed by stockpiling natural surficial soil and spreading over the land surface. In these pedons, the A horizon is 4 to 20 inches thick.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. The fine earth material is loam or silt loam. Consistence is friable or firm.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the tentative Laguardia series in the same family and the Fairpoint and Fiveblock series in a closely related family. The Barkcamp, Bethesda, Cedarcreek, Enoch, Itmann, Morristown, and Sewell series are also in related families. Laguardia soils formed in a thick mantle of construction debris intermingled with anthrotransported soil materials. The transported construction debris may range in material of pieces of plastic, glass, rubber, bricks, lumber, asphalt, coal ash, unburned coal, gypsum board, concrete, and steel. Fairpoint soils have a semiactive CEC activity class and have moderately slow permeability and the particle-size control section includes clay loam and silty clay loam texture. Fiveblock soils are also in a semiactive CEC activity class and contain less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section, are somewhat excessively drained, and sandstone is more than 65 percent of the total rock fragments. Barkcamp and Enoch soils are in siliceous families. Barkcamp, Bethesda, Cedarcreek, Enoch, Itmann, and Sewell soils are in acid families, and Morristown soils are in a calcareous family. Bethesda and Enoch soils have moderately slow permeability and clay loam and silty clay loam textures in the particle-size control section. Barkcamp, Itmann, and Sewell soils contain less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section and have rapid permeability in addition to moderately rapid permeability. Itmann and Sewell soils are somewhat excessively drained. Morristown soils have moderately slow permeability and clay loam and silty clay loam textures in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kaymine soils are on nearly level to gently sloping benches, gently sloping to strongly sloping hillslopes, and steep to very steep outslopes. These soils formed in regolith from surface coal mine operations. The regolith is a mixture of partially weathered fine earth and fragments of bedrock. The fine earth material is from fragments of bedrock which has been crushed by machinery and weathered. Dominant rock fragments are neutral siltstone and sandstone with small amounts of shale and coal. Slopes range from 0 to 80 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 50 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 56 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cedarcreek, Fiveblock, Itmann, and Sewell soils and Berks, Buchanan, Matewan, Gilpin, Guyandotte, Handshoe, Highsplint, Lily, and Pineville soils. Berks and Matewan soils have cambic horizons and are formed in residuum on undisturbed uplands. Gilpin and Lily soils have argillic horizons and are formed in residuum on undisturbed uplands. Buchanan and Pineville soils have argillic horizons and are formed in colluvium on undisturbed uplands. Guyandotte soils have an umbric epipedon and cambic horizon and are formed in colluvium on undisturbed uplands. Handshoe and Highsplint soils also have a cambic horizon and formed in colluvium on undisturbed uplands.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Kaymine soils are well drained; runoff is slow to medium on bench slopes and rapid to very rapid on outslopes and hillslopes; permeability is moderate or moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Land use emphasis is on reclamation of surface mined land. Vegetation consists of grasses, legumes, black locust, autumn olive, and other plants commonly used in surface mine reclamation. Some areas have established stands of naturally seeded black locust, black birch, yellow-poplar, and sycamore. Some nearly level to strongly sloping areas are used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia and possibly Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. The acreage is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wyoming County, West Virginia, 1984.
REMARKS: (1) These soils were formerly mapped as strip mines; Udorthents, mudstone and sandstone, high base; Udorthents, sandstone and mudstone, high base. (2) Mineralogy data from West Virginia University indicates that the Kaymine soils have mixed mineralogy. (3) Lithochromic mottles have inherited their colors from rocks. (4) Under the West Virginia University proposed classification, these soils would have been classified Typic Udispolents. (5) The 8/00 revision updates this series to 8th edition Keys to Soil Taxonomy standards. The CEC activity class placement is based on four pedons sampled and analyzed by West Virginia University, which included two semiactive, one active and one superactive pedons. Competing series were also updated.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 5 inches (Oe and A horizons).
b. The percentage of any one rock type is less than 65 percent of the total rock fragments in the particle-size control section (12 to 42 inches; C1, C2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Additional data is available from West Virginia University (minimum of four pedons). Mineralogy data from West Virginia University indicates that Kaymine soils have mixed mineralogy.
MLRA: 125
Revised: 2/88-JWB,BLW,LDS; 8/2000-DHK