LOCATION KELTNER IL+MN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Keltner silt loam on a west-facing 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 277 meters (907 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; light gray (10YR 7/2) dry silt coatings on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--20 to 33 cm (8 to 13 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 61 cm (10 to 24 inches)]
Bt1--33 to 51 cm (13 to 20 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--51 to 69 cm (20 to 27 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--69 to 97 cm (27 to 38 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) concretions of iron and manganese oxides; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 89 cm (15 to 35 inches)]
2Bt4--97 to 104 cm (38 to 41 inches); mixed light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), greenish gray (5G 6/1), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; very firm; few faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [5 to 30 cm (2 to 12 inches) thick]
2Cr--104 to 152 cm (41 to 60 inches); mixed olive (5Y 5/3), greenish gray (5BG 6/1), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), thinly bedded clayey shale containing many fragments of limestone in discontinuous layers ranging from 1 to 3 inches in thickness; horizontal cleavage planes with light greenish gray (5G 7/1) fillings and coats; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Stephenson County, Illinois; about 2.5 miles south of Bolton; 380 feet east and 240 feet north of the center of sec. 32, T. 26 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Shannon topographic
quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 12 minutes 23 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 42 minutes 59 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The loess ranges from 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches) thick. The mollic epipedon ranges from 25 to 61 cm (10 to 24 inches) thick. Depth to the paralithic contact of clayey calcareous shale bedrock ranges from 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). In some pedons, carbonates are below a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). The particle-size control section averages 27 to 35 percent clay.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is silt loam. Some severely eroded pedons are silty clay loam. It ranges from neutral to moderately acid.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6 in the upper part and chroma of 2 to 4 in the lower part. It is silty clay loam. It averages 27 to 35 percent clay. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately acid in individual subhorizons, but is moderately acid in one or more subhorizons in all pedons.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y, 5Y, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6 and is mottled. It is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. It averages 38 to 50 percent clay. It is firm or very firm. It ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
The 2Cr horizon has hue of 5Y, 5GY, 5G, 5BG, 2.5Y, 10YR, or is neutral, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 4 in the matrix, but extends to 8 in individual shale layers. It is partly consolidated shale with the fine earth fraction having texture of clay or silty clay. The 2Cr horizon is considered to be a paralithic contact. It is moderately alkaline or slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Assumption,
Aviston,
Barrington,
Blackberry,
Buckhart,
Catlin,
Clare,
Dana,
Danabrook,
Geryune,
Graymont,
Harrison,
Saybrook, and
Totanang series. None of the competing series have a paralithic or lithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). In addition, Assumption, Catlin, Dana, and Saybrook soils formed in loess and the underlying till and contain less clay in the lower part of the series control section. Barrington soils formed in loess and the underlying loamy outwash and contain less clay in the lower part of the
series control section. Harrison soils formed in loess and the underlying loamy sediments at the surface of Illinoian till that contains a strongly weathered paleosol and have less clay in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Keltner soils are on unglaciated hillside benches and rounded ridge tops. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. Keltner soils formed in 30 to 50 inches of loess and the underlying residuum weathered from calcareous clayey shale. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 810 to 910 mm (32 to 36 inches).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Calamine, Loran, Massbach, Schapville, and Tama soils. Calamine soils are poorly drained, dominated by grayer colors and are on nearly level parts of the broader ridges. Loran soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on similar landscape positions. Massbach soils do not have a mollic epipedon and are on similar landscape positions. Schapville soils have shale bedrock within 102 cm (40 inches) and are on similar landscape positions. Tama soils are well drained, do not have shale bedrock within 152 cm (60 inches), and are on upper side slopes or ridge tops above Keltner soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Low to very high runoff. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is 4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second
(moderate permeability) in the loess and 0.42 to 1.41 micrometers per second in the residuum (slow permeability). The depth to the top of the perched seasonal high water table ranges from 61 to 91 cm (2 to 3 feet) during February to June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow are the principal crops. Native vegetation is prairie grass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Illinois, southeastern Minnesota, and southwestern Wisconsin; LRR?s K and M, MLRAs 95B, 105, 108. These soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lafayette County, Wisconsin, 1964.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from 0 to 33 cm (0 to 13 inches) (Ap and A horizons);
Argillic horizon - from 33 to 104 cm (13 to 41 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and 2Bt4 horizons);
Paralithic contact with shale at a depth of 104 cm (41 inches).
Cation exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.