LOCATION KINSMAN NH+ME NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, isotic, frigid Typic Endoaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Kinsman sand, forested, with the surface covered by a 2 inch layer of sphagnum fibers. (Colors are for moist soil.)
0a--0 to 5 inches; black (N 2/0) broken face and rubbed sapric material; about 20 percent fiber, 10 percent rubbed; weak medium platy structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; extremely acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
E--5 to 8 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sand; massive; very friable; many medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bh--8 to 10 inches; black (5YR 2/1) loamy sand; weak moderate granular structure; friable; few medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bhs--10 to 17 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) sand; massive; very friable; few coarse prominent very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
Bs--17 to 20 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sand; massive; very friable; common medium distinct very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) iron depletions; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
BCg--20 to 24 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) sand; massive; very friable; common medium distinct olive (5Y 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
C--24 to 65 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 30 percent rounded gravel; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Grafton County, New Hampshire; Town of Franconia, 2 miles south of NH Routes 116 and 18, 1,500 feet east of NH Route 116. Latitude 44 degrees 12 minutes 04 seconds N., longitude 71 degrees 44 minutes 57 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 18 to 42 inches. Rock fragments of mostly gravel range from 0 to 15 percent in the solum and from 5 to 35 percent in the substratum. Reaction ranges from extremely acid through moderately acid in the solum and from very strongly acid through moderately acid in the substratum.
The 0 horizon is neutral or has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 0 to 2.
Some pedons have an Ap horizon that has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, or loamy very fine sand.
The E horizon is neutral or has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 3. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand.
The Bh horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Ortstein consistence ranges from 0 to 40 percent.
The Bhs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 to 4. Ortstein consistence ranges from 0 to 40 percent.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Ortstein consistence ranges from 0 to 40 percent.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 6.
Texture of the B and BC horizons is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loamy sand, sand, or coarse sand in the fine-earth fraction.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Naumburg series. Naumburg soils have less than 5 percent rock fragments in the solum and underlying material.
The Au Gres, Finch, Kinross, Naskeag, and Wainola series are the related families. Au Gres, Finch, and Wainola soils are from outside of Region R. Au Gres and Wainola soils have less than 1 percent organic matter in the upper 12 inches of the spodic horizon or have less than 4 percent organic matter in the upper 2 cm of the spodic horizon. Finch soils have ortstein in more than 50 percent of the spodic horizon. Naskeag soils are moderately deep to bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kinsman soils are on slightly concave areas of stream terraces, kame terraces, outwash plains, and depressions at the base of glaciated upland hills. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. The soils formed in coarse and moderately coarse textured glacial outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 45 inches, and mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 46 degrees F. The growing season ranges from 80 to 160 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Adams, Croghan, Groveton, Madawaska, Naumberg, Ondawa, Podunk, Rumney, Searsport, and Sunday soils. Adams, Croghan, Groveton, and Madawaska soils are in higher positions on the landscape and lack redoximorphic features in the spodic horizon. Naumburg soils are in similar landscape positions. Searsport soils are in lower positions on the landscape and have a histic epipedon. The Sunday, Ondawa, Podunk, and Rumney soils are on floodplains and have an irregular decrease in organic carbon from 25 to 125 cm below the mineral soil surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Permeability is rapid throughout.
USE AND VEGETATION: Predominantly wooded or idle. Some areas are used for growing hay or pasture. Forested areas are in white spruce, eastern hemlock, or balsam fir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: New Hampshire and Maine MLRA 143 and 144B.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Grafton County, New Hampshire, 1987.
REMARKS: 1. This series has been classified to the 6th edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy. The former classification was Sandy, mixed, frigid Aeric Haplaquods. 2. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Albic horizon - the zone from 5 to 8 inches (E horizon). b. Spodic horizon - the zone from 8 to 17 inches (Bh and Bhs horizons). c. Redoximorphic features in the spodic horizon.