LOCATION KLOSSNER MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, euic, mesic Terric Haplosaprists
TYPICAL PEDON: Klossner muck, on a 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); black (N 2/0) muck, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; about 20 percent fiber, less than 5 percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Oa--25 to 66 cm (10 to 26 inches); black (10YR 2/1) muck, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; about 60 percent fiber, about 6 percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the O horizon is 41 to 127 cm (16 to 50 inches).]
2A1--66 to 91 cm (26 to 36 inches); black (N 2/0) mucky silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2A2--91 to 122 cm (36 to 48 inches); black (N 2/0) silty clay loam; massive; friable; few dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) iron oxide concentrations in root channels; about 1 percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2A horizon is 20 to 114 cm (8 to 45 inches thick).]
2Cg1--122 to 165 cm (48 to 65 inches); olive gray (5Y 5/2) clay loam; massive; friable; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) Fe oxide concentrations in root channels; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Cg2--165 to 203 cm (65 to 80 inches); gray (5Y 5/1) loam, massive; friable; many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Fe concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Nicollet County, Minnesota; located about 792m (2600 feet) north and 701m (2300 feet) east of the southwest corner, sec. 12, T. 110 N., R. 28 W.; USGS Nicollet topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 20 minutes 53 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 8 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the organic material ranges from 41 to 127 cm (16 to 50 inches). It is derived primarily from herbaceous plants. The organic matter content ranges from 25 to 60 percent in the organic surface and 5 to 20 percent in the 2A horizon. The reaction of the organic material ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Some organic layers contain free carbonates.
The O horizon has hue of 10YR, 5YR, or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0 to 2. It is dominantly muck (sapric material) however, some pedons have thin layers of hemic material, less than 10 inches thick.
Some pedons have highly organic mineral plow layers.
The 2A horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or is neutral, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 0 to 1. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam or mucky modifiers of these textures. It is moderately acid to slightly alkaline. Some pedons contain thin layers of coprogenous earth.
The 2Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or is neutral, value of 2 to 7 and chroma of 0 to 2. It is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam, or their gravelly or cobbly analogues. It is slightly acid to moderately alkaline. The upper 30 cm (12 inches) of this horizon averages less than 35 percent clay. Some pedons contain thin strata of fine sand, loamy sand, or silt. Gravel or cobble sized rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent by volume. Some pedons contain free carbonates. Sandy substratum and ponded phases are recognized. A firm till phase of clay loam with a moist bulk density of 1.6 to 1.9 gm/cc is recognized.
COMPETING SERIES: These are Linwood, Medo, Palms, Philbon and Shalcar series. Linwood soils have well expressed granular structure to depths of more than 30 cm (12 inches) and formed mainly in woody fibers. Medo soils have sandy textures in the lower part of the series control section. Palms soils have organic matter content greater than 75 percent and do not have an A horizon directly below the organic material. Philbon soils have fibric and hemic material in the upper 30 cm (12 inches). Shalcar soils have less than 3 degrees C (26 degrees F) difference between mean January and mean July temperatures.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Klossner soils are in basins that were formerly lakes or ponds, lake plains, till plains, flood plains, or moraines. They are also on hillside seep areas in moraines and side slopes of river valleys. Slope ranges from 0 to 9 percent. The soils on nearby uplands are generally loamy. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F). The mean annual precipitation ranges from 610 to 813 mm (24 to 32 inches). Frost-free period ranges from 110 to 160 days. Elevation above sea level ranges from 244 to 427 m (800 to 1400 feet).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the Canisteo, Harps, Okoboji, Glencoe, Muskego and Houghton soils. Canisteo and Harps soils are on the rims of depressions. Glencoe and Okoboji are at the outer edges of the depressions. Muskego and Houghton soils are in larger depressions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained. Surface runoff is negligible to ponded. The saturated hydraulic conductivity, measured in cm per hour, is .05 to 5.1 (.02 to 2.0 inches) in the upper material and .05 to 1.5 (.02 to .6 inches) in the lower part. Seasonal high saturation ranges from plus 91 to 30 cm (3 to 1 foot) for undrained areas of this soil. Areas that are drained have variable depths to saturation based on the effectiveness of the drainage network.
USE AND VEGETATION: The greater part of this soil is cultivated to corn, soybeans, small grains and specialty crops such as vegetables or grass sod. Other areas are in vegetation of grasses, reeds, sedges, alder, aspen, or willow. Some of the hillside seep areas are set aside as natural areas and called fens.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The south central and southeast part of Minnesota and possibly northern Iowa. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nicollet County, Minnesota, 1989.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized are: sapric soil materials from the surface to about 66 cm (26 inches); loamy mineral material from 66 to 127 cm (26 to 50 inches) or more; aquic moisture regime. This soil was formerly included in the Palms Series in Minnesota. A firm till substratum is recognized in the geomorphic surface landform of the Kandiyohi till.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES-CFC#s 2697, 3251, 3400 and 3475.