LOCATION LAUER INEstablished Series
The Lauer series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils on lake plains. They formed in loess of silty material and the underlying stratified silty and clayey lacustrine sediments. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 46 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 56 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lauer silt loam on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots between peds; many distinct gray (10YR 6/1) and few distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and common fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--13 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; common fine roots between peds; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and few faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide concretions; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--23 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; common fine roots between peds; many distinct gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide concretions; many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4--34 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide concretions; many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt5--44 to 54 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide concretions; many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt6--54 to 63 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide concretions; many fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 55 to 70 inches)
2Btk1--63 to 73 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam with a strata 1/4 to 2 inches thick of silt loam at the bottom of horizon; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few medium irregular carbonate nodules throughout; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Btk2--73 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) stratified silty clay, silty clay loam, and silt loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium irregular carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline. (Combined thickness of the 2Btk horizon is 1 to 20 inches)
TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 75 feet east and 2,540 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 32 of T. 5 S., R. 3 W. USGS Gatchel, IN topographic quadrangle: lat. 38 degrees 2 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 46 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD 27. UTM Zone 16, 520231 easting and 4210099 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to calcium carbonates is 60 to more than 80 inches. The particle-size control section averages 24 to 35 percent clay and 5 to 10 percent sand.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid in non-limed areas, and ranges to neutral in limed areas.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6 and has redoximorphic depletions. Clay depletions and clay films dominantly have chroma of 2 or less. Where the chroma of the matrix is 3 or more, greater than 50 percent of the ped surfaces have chroma of 2 or less. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam and averages 24 to 34 percent clay and 5 to 15 percent sand. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid in the upper part, and ranges to slightly acid in the lower part.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6 and has redox features. Texture is silty clay loam or silty clay and includes strata of silt loam. It averages 35 to 50 percent clay and 3 to 15 percent sand. Reaction ranges from slightly alkaline to slightly acid.
The 2Btk, and 2BC horizon, where present has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 to 6 and has redox features. Texture is stratified silt loam, silty clay loam or silty clay. It averages 24 to 45 percent clay and 3 to 15 percent sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Carbonates are present in most pedons below 60 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aptakisic, Barcelona, Bromer, Coulterville, Creal, Fincastle, Fitchville, Hatmaker, Iva, Kendall, Niagara, Reesville, Starks, Stronghurst, Taggart, Tiro and Waynetown. Aptakisic and Niagara soils have the base of the argillic horizon at less than 40 inches. Barcelona soils have rock fragments in the lower part of the sola and have bedrock between 40 and 60 inches. Bromer soils average more than 45 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Coulterville soils contain 5 to 15 percent exchangeable sodium. Creal soils are more than 24 inches to the top of the argillic horizon. Fincastle, Kendall, Starks, Reesville, Taggart, Tiro, and Waynetown soils contain more than 15 percent sand in the lower part of the solum. Hatmaker soils have pararock fragments (shale) in the lower part of the series control section. Iva and Reesville soils have a depth to the base of the argillic horizon of less than 60 inches. Stronghurst soils do not have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lauer soils are on broad flats of lake plains. They formed in 45 to 70 inches of loess or silty material, and the underlying stratified silty and clayey lacustrine sediments. The mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 57 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 47 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hartz, McGary, Markland, Percell, and Shircliff series. The moderately well drained Hartz and Shircliff, and the well drained Markland and Percell soils are on slightly higher lying flats and on summits, shoulders, and backslopes of dissected areas. The somewhat poorly drained McGary soils have argillic horizons with more than 40 percent clay in the particle-size control section, and are on similar landform positions as Lauer soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and slow in the lower part. The potential for surface water runoff is low. In drained areas, depth to an intermittent, perched high water table is at a depth of 0.5 to 2.0 feet from December to April in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for growing corn, soybeans, and hay, or are used for pasture. A few areas are in woodland. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Indiana. The acreage is of small extent in MLRA 120, and to a lesser extent MLRA 114 and 111.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Indiana, 1994. The series is named for a small settlement in Perry County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons recognized in this pedon are: 1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 8 inches (Ap horizon); 2) Argillic horizon- the zone from 8 to 80 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, 2Btk1, 2Btk2 horizons); and 3) Redoximorphic features- the zone from 8 to 80 inches.
This soil was included in mapping with Henshaw soils in the 1969 Perry Co., IN Soil Survey.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on pedon number S93IN-123-004 is at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.