LOCATION LINWOOD MI+IL IN OH VTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, euic, mesic Terric Haplosaprists
TYPICAL PEDON: Linwood muck - on a level area in permanent pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa1--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck; about 10 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many roots; woody fiber; about 5 percent coarse woody fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Oa2--9 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face and rubbed muck; about 40 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; woody fiber; about 5 percent coarse woody fragments; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Oa3--18 to 25 inches; black (5YR 2/1) broken face muck; dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) rubbed; about 30 percent fiber, 5 percent rubbed; moderate coarse platy structure; friable; woody fiber; about 5 percent coarse woody fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Cg--25 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron accumulations; massive; firm; few snail shells; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Huron County, Michigan; about 1 mile northeast of Bad Axe; 750 feet west and 1,850 feet north of the southeast corner, sec. 17, T. 16 N., R. 13 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the C horizon typically is between 20 and 40 inches, but ranges from 16 to 51 inches. Some pedons have layers of mucky peat or peat within the muck (sapric material) in the subsurface and bottom tiers. The combined thickness of the mucky peat (hemic material) is less than 10 inches, and the peat (fibric material) is less than 5 inches. The fiber is derived primarily from woody material. Coarse woody fragments range from less than 1 percent to 20 percent by volume. The solum ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline. Some subhorizons range to very strongly acid. Some pedons have a mucky silt loam overwash up to 9 inches thick on the surface.
The surface tier has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, or is neutral, and chromas of 0 to 2 on broken face and rubbed. In a few pedons the chromas of broken faces differ from the chromas of rubbed and pressed faces by one or two units. Rubbed fiber content is less than 10 percent. The organic materials in the subsurface tier has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR to 5YR or is neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 3 on broken face and rubbed. In a few pedons the chroma of broken faces differ from rubbed and pressed by one or two units. In a few pedons the organic material in the layer above the C horizon stratified with about 10 to 15 percent by volume of mineral material.
Some pedons have a thin Ab horizon above the C horizon. It has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2.
The Cg horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. It ranges from sandy loam to silty clay loam and averages less than 35 percent clay. It contains 0 to 15 percent gravel. A few pedons have thin strata, less than 10 inches thick, of sand, loamy sand or clay. The C horizon ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Klossner, Medo, Palms, Philbon, and Shalcar soils in the same family. Klossner and Palms soils formed mainly in herbaceous fibers. Medo soils have sandy textures in the lower part of the series control section. Philbon soils have peat and mucky peat in the upper 12 inches. Shalcar soils have thin discontinuous layers of volcanic ash and diatomaceous earth (1/2 to 2 inches thick) within 24 and 48 inches of the surface.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Linwood soils are on lake plains, end moraines and ground moraines. They have formed in former lakes or ponds that range in size from a few acres to several hundred acres. Slope gradients are less than 2 percent. The soils formed in highly decomposed woody, organic materials underlain by loamy glacial deposits. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 37 inches, and the mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Carlisle, Willette, and Edwards soils. Carlisle soils do not have a mineral substratum. Willette soils contain more than 35 percent clay in the C horizons at depths less than 51 inches. Edwards soils are underlain by marl at depths less than 51 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. This soil has a seasonal high water table that ranges from one foot above the surface to one foot below the surface from November to June. Potential surface runoff is negligible or very low. Permeability is moderately slow to moderately rapid in the organic layers and moderate or moderately slow in the loamy material.
USE AND VEGETATION: The greater part of this soil is in natural vegetation of alder, aspen, willow, dogwood, elm, ash, red maple, and a few conifers. Some areas have been drained and are used for pasture and truck crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The southern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin and Vermont. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sanilac County, Michigan, 1955.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are: organic material on the surface that ranges from 16 to 51 inches thick - Terric feature.