LOCATION LOMIRA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lomira silt loam - on a 5 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 1090 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak thick platy structure; friable; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings; some mixing with material from the Ap horizon by worm and animal activity; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
BE--10 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate and weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common prominent very pale brown (10YR 7/3)silt coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--20 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 13 to 18 inches.)
2Bt3--31 to 34 inches; brown (10YR 4/3 and 10YR 5/3) sandy clay loam containing considerable limestone fragments and gravel; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint and distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; neutral; moderately alkaline in some places; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
2C--34 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam: massive; friable; about 30 percent by volume angular gravel with some channers and flagstones; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles west of Brownsville, 600 feet south and 1,500 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 13 N., R. 16 E. USGS Mayville North, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle;lat. 43 degrees 36 minutes 56 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 34 minutes 11 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 22 to 40 inches. Thickness of the loess mantle ranges from 20 to 38 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages from 25 to 35 percent clay. Rock fragments typically are absent in the loess mantle. Volume of gravel and channers ranges from 2 to 12 percent in the 2Bt horizon and from 12 to 60 percent in the 2C horizon. Volume of cobbles and flagstones ranges from 0 to 1 percent in the 2Bt horizon and from 1 to 8 percent in the 2C horizon. Reaction naturally ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the loess but ranges to neutral in the upper part, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline in the 2Bt horizon and is moderately alkaline in the 2C horizon. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 60 to 90 percent in the 2C horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Where the value moist is 3, the value dry is 6 or more. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR and value and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is silt loam.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur togrther. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam. Many pedons have a thin dark colored layer (Beta B) at the contact between the 2B and 2C horizons that results from the accumulation of organic matter contained in the illuviated material.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is sandy loam or loam or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of these textures. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 60 to 90 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baraboo, Bertrand, Blackhammer, Camden, Dodge, Dubuque, Fayette, Flagg, Greenridge, Hackers, Jackson, Jemerson, Knowles, La Farge, Lambeau, Martinsburg, Menfro, Middletown, Minnith, Navlys, Palermo, Palsgrove, Pepin, Piscasaw, Ridgway, Rozetta, Ruma, Rush, Russell, Seaton, St. Charles, Stookey, Sylvan, Thebes, and Yellowriver series. Baraboo, Dubuque and Knowles soils have a lithic contact at 20 to 40 inches. Bertrand and Jackson soils have a silty mantle more than 40 inches thick and do not have carbonates within the series control section and Jackson soils also have redox features and saturation at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Blackhammer soils are stratified in the lower part of the series control section and do not have carbonates there. Camden soils do not have carbonates within the series control section. Dodge and Piscasaw soils have calcium carbonate equivalent ranging from 10 to 40 percent in the lower part of the series control section (2C horizon). Fayette, Martinsburg, Menfro, Rozetta, Seaton, and Stookey soils have more than 50 percent silt throughout the series control section and do not have carbonates or rock fragments there. Flagg soils have hue of 5YR in the lower part of the series control section. Greenridge and Lambeau soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 45 to 80 inches and do not have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Hackers and Thebes soils do not have carbonates or rock froagments within the series control section. Jemerson soils have more than 50 percent silt throughout the series control section and do not have carbonates there. La Farge soils have a paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Middletown soils have 40 to 60 inches of loess and do not have carbonates within the series control section. Navlys, Palermo, and Sylvan soils have more than 50 percent silt and no rock fragments throughout the series control section and Palermo soils also have relict redox features in the series control section. Palsgrove soils have a lithic contact at 40 to 60 inches. Pepin soils have a lithic contact at 45 to 80 inches. Ridgway soils have lamellae in the lower part of the series control section. Ruma soils are more than 40 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon and do not have carbonates within the series control section. Rush, Russell, and St. Charles soils are more than 40 inches deep to the base of the argillic horizon and to carbonates. Yellowriver soils have more than 15 percent sand in the upper part of the series control section and do not have carbonates within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lomira soils typically are on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 and 20 percent. These soils formed in loess and in the underlying, highly calcareous loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges between 28 and 33 inches.
Mean annual temperature ranges between 45 and 49 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the LeRoy and St. Charles soils. LeRoy soils are on slopes in the Lomira landscape where the silty mantle is less than 20 inches thick. St. Charles soils are on slopes where the silty mantle is more than 40 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, forage, and canning crops. Some areas are used for pastureland and some for woodland. Native vegetation is mainly deciduous forest composed mainly of oak and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Wisconsin. This soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, 1970.
REMARKS:
10/04- The location given for the typical pedon in the OSD differs from the location given for the same pedon in the published soil survey. The location in the OSD does not fall in or near a map unit of Lomira. The location in the published survey is just outside of a B-slope Lomira map unit. Therefore, this revision uses the location from the published survey after correcting it slightly to place it in the Lomira map unit.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 14 inches (Ap, E, BE); argillic horizon - 14 to 34 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3)