LOCATION NAVUNON            IN

NAVUNON SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Navunon loam, on a concave, less than 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 682 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 18 inches thick)

Btg1--9 to 13 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common very fine roots throughout; common faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2--13 to 20 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine interstitial and tubular pores with moderate continuity; many faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg3--20 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Btg horizon is 10 to 30 inches.)

Cg1--24 to 31 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 9 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent throughout; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2--31 to 43 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 12 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent throughout; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizon is 15 to 35 inches.)

2R--43 inches; white (10YR 8/1) unweathered limestone bedrock; indurated; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Pulaski County, Indiana; about 1 mile west and 4 miles south of Francesville; 700 feet south and 150 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 29 N., R. 4 W.; U.S.G.S. Francesville, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 55 minutes 28.07 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 54 minutes 41.83 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 507439 easting and 4530379 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 22 to 40 inches
Depth to carbonates: 22 to 46 inches
Depth to lithic contact: commonly 40 to 60 inches, but ranges from 40 to 80 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Ap or A horizon, or AB horizon when present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, silt loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or clay loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent

Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6; value of 3 may be present in the horizon immediately below the A horizon
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent

BC or BCg horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Rock fragment content: 1 to 10 percent

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: sandy loam or loam
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 35 percent

2R horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 7 or 8
Chroma: 1 or 2
Bedrock: very strongly cemented or indurated limestone

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barry, Berville, Brookston, Buntingville, Clackamas, Cordova, Forestcity, Hamel, Jameston, Millgrove, Navan, Nosoni, Radioville, Rensselaer, and Westland series. None of these soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 60 inches.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Navunon soils formed in loamy till overlying limestone bedrock in depressions on till plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from about 150 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 600 to 1,530 feet above sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brookston, Corwin, Francesville, and Odell soils. The poorly drained Brookston soils are located on similar positions but do not have limestone bedrock within a depth of 60 inches. The moderately well drained Corwin soils and the somewhat poorly drained Francesville and Odell soils are on higher landform positions. Corwin and Odell soils are not underlain by limestone bedrock within 60 inches.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderate in the subsoil, moderately slow in the underlying material, and very slow or impermeable in the limestone bedrock The depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 0.5 foot above the surface to 1 foot below the surface for some time in normal years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, small grains and hay. Small areas are in permanent pasture. Native vegetation is marsh grasses and sedges.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111 in northern Indiana. The soils are of small extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pulaski, County, Indiana, 2001.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to 13 inches (Ap, Btg1)
Argillic horizon: from 9 to 24 inches (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present between 9 and 43 inches (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Cg1, and Cg2 horizons)
Lithic contact: at 43 inches (2R)

The Navunon series was proposed for Brookston soils with limestone in the lower part of the series control section mapped in the Pulaski County, Indiana soil survey update.

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 154142 represents the typical pedon in complex with Brookston soils.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S98IN-131-003) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data for the typical pedon (T98IN-131-003) is on file in the MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 100 percent Navunon soils.