LOCATION OSHKOSH WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Oshkosh silty clay loam - on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 770 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; firm ; slightly acid ; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 16 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) claymoderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; common clay films on faces of peds; many slickensides; moderately acid ; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--16 to 24 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; strong fine angular blocky structure; firm; few roots; many clay films on faces of peds; many slickensides; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--24 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; common clay films on faces of peds; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 12 to 30 inches. )
C--28 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) clay; massive breaking to weak medium plates along depositonal strata; firm; many light gray (10YR 7/2) soft accumulations of calcium carbonate; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Waupaca County, Wisconsin; about 0.5 miles south and 3.5 miles west of New London; about 20 feet north and 2310 west of the southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 22 N., R. 14 E. USGS Readfield, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 22 minutes 33 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 49 minutes 39 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to carbonatesranges from 18 to 40 inches. Some pedons have a mantle of loess or other silty deposits up to 15 inches thick. The particle-size control section averages 60 to 85 percent clay and less than 10 percent sand. Rock fragments are absent throughout the soil. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Carbonates are in the C horizon and, in many pedon, are in the lower part of the B horizon. A loamy substratum phase has been recognized with stratified silt and very fine sand at 40 to 60 inches..
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Colors with moist value of 3 have dry value of 6 or more. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon typically is silt loam or silty clay loam, but in some pedons it is sandy loam.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture typically is silt loam or silty clay loam, but in some pedons it is sandy loam.
The Bt horizon has dominant hue of 2.5YR or 5YR but has hue of 7.5YR in the upper part in some pedons. Value is 4 or 5 and chroma is 3 or 4. Texture typically is clay. In some pedons, subhorizons of the Bt are silty clay.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay or clay. Some pedons have thin strata of silt, fine sand, or very fine sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bardley, Carbo, and Niangua series. Closely related is the Winneconne series. Bardley and Carbo soils have a lithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Niangua soils have a lithic contact at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Winneconne soils are Mollic Hapludalfs.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Oshkosh soils are on basins of glacial lakes and stream terraces. Sloperanges from 0 to 30 percent. These soils formed in thin loess or other silty deposits and in the underlying clayey lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 35 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 49 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kewaunee, Manawa, and Poygan soils. Kewaunee soils are nearby where the parent material grades to clay till averaging less than 60 percent clay and over 15 percent sand. Manawa and Poygan soils are in nearly level to depressional areas and are more poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to very high. Permeability is slow or very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grains, and forages. Some areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods. Common trees are sugar maple, northern red oak, and white ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Wisconsin in the late Wisconsinan drift. This soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, 1970.
REMARKS: Oshkosh was formerly a part of the old Superior series. The Superior series is now held to the Spodosol region of northern Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota.
12/04 495 acres correlated as a loamy substratum phase in Brown County have stratified silts and fine sands at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. New series needed?
12/04 A total of 43,742 acres has been correlated in 3 surveys. In 2 of these surveys, representing 42,247 of the correlated acres, the typical pedon is well drained. Therefore, this revision changes the concept of the series to well drained only and provides a new typical pedon which is well drained. A new series (Oxyaquic Hapludalf) will be needed for the moderately well drained acres when they are updated.
Lab data is needed (Cole) to determine if this soil is in a Vertic subgroup.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap); argillic horizon - 10 to 28 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3);
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Soil Survey Sample number S60WI-139-001 for NSSL data on an Oshkosh pedon. (Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 17, pages 130-131.) Refer to Soil Survey Sample number S59WI-139-002 for NSSL data on a moderately well drained pedon of Oshkosh (Oxyaquic Hapludalf)