LOCATION OSOLO INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Osolo loamy sand, on a 0.5 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 776 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--15 to 20 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 1 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bw3--20 to 25 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw4--25 to 29 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw5--29 to 40 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sand; single grain; loose; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 20 to 40 inches.)
BC1--40 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; few medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BC2--48 to 66 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the BC horizon is 8 to 30 inches.)
CB--66 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1/4 mile east of Heaton Lake; 2,583 feet west and 1,666 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 38 N., R. 5 E.; U.S.G.S. Elkhart, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 44 minutes 4 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 53 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 592332 easting and 4620894 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 60 to more than 80 inches
Depth to sand or fine sand: 20 to 50 inches
Depth to redoximorphic features: 40 to 72 inches
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral throughout the series control section
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent gravel throughout the series control section
Particle-size control section: silt content plus clay content averages more than 10 percent, and fine sand content averages less than 50 percent
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy sand
A horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy sand
Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: loamy sand in the upper part and sand or fine sand in the lower part
BC, CB, or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand or fine sand
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Acquango, Aldo, Bigapple (T), Biltmore, Boplain, Breeze (T), Caesar, Chute, Dabney, Hodge, Oakville, Pahuk, Penwood, Perks, Pinegrove, Plainfield, Sardak, Sarpy, Scotah, Spessard, Suncook, Tyner, and Windsor series. Acquango, Aldo, Bigapple, Caesar, Chute, Dabney, Hodge, Pahuk, Penwood, Perks, Pinegrove, Scotah, Spessard, Suncook, and Windsor soils have sola less than 60 inches in thickness. Biltmore soils have mica flakes throughout the series control section. Boplain soils have a paralithic contact between 20 and 40 inches. Breeze soils contains 10 percent construction debris that behaves similarly to rock fragments. Oakville, Plainfield, and Sarpy soils average less than 10 percent silt plus clay in the particle-size control section. Sardak soils are less than 60 inches to carbonates. Tyner soils average less than 50 percent fine and very fine sand in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Osolo soils formed in sandy sediments of mixed lithology and are on swells on outwash terraces and outwash plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 50 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 40 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,020 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brems, Morocco, and Tyner soils. The moderately well drained Brems soils and the somewhat poorly drained Morocco soils are on slightly lower positions. The excessively drained Tyner soils are on slightly higher positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is rapid. The depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 3.5 to 6 feet for some time in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and truck-crops. Irrigation is used extensively in cropped areas. Non-irrigated areas are used to grow small grains and grass-legume mixtures for hay and pasture. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 98 and 111 in north-central and northwestern Indiana. The soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.
REMARKS: Series was proposed for soils mapped as Tyner, wet substratum in the Elkhart County soil survey update.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 9 inches (Ap)
Redoximorphic features: present in horizons between 48 and 80 inches
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124293 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124294 represents the 1 to 5 percent slope phase.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data for the typical pedon (S90IN-039-005) is available from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data for the typical pedon (T90IN-039-017) is on file at the MLRA office in Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 95 percent Osolo soils and 5 percent Coloma soils.
A study was conducted within the map unit of the type location using ground penetrating radar (GPR). At the time of the study the GPR showed the water table to be between 71 and 92 inches and that it generally occurred about 20 inches below the upper boundary of redoximorphic features. There are water table monitoring pipes with attached data loggers. Data has been gathered for about 2 years and shows that the water table ranges from 54.4 to 88.2 inches below the surface.