LOCATION SALTER WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Salter loamy sand - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 810 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 6 inches thick)
Bw2--14 to 21 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
C--21 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) stratified silt, fine sand, and very fine sand; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Wisconsin; about 1/2 mile northwest of Palmyra; 1,200 feet north and 530 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 15, T. 5 N., R. 16 E. USGS Palmyra Wisconsin Quadrangle; latitude ? 42 degrees 53 minutes 21
seconds N., and longitude ? 88 degrees 35 minutes 56 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of soil development ramges from 20 to 40 inches. At least part of the profile above a depth of 40 inches is stratified. . Carbonates are at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. There are no coarse fragments throughout the pedon. The particle-size control section averages between 8 to 18 percent clay and from 15 to 70 percent fine sand or coarser.
Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. Color value dry is 5.5 or greater after rubbing. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand. Some pedons have thin strata of fine sand or very fine sand.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It has textures like the Bw horizon but stratification is a common feature.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Galaway,
Nellis, and
Sunburg series. Galaway soils have a lithic contact between 20 to 40 inches depth. Nellis, and Sunburg soils do not have stratification of textures and have rock fragments in the
particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Salter soils are on stream terraces, outwash plains, and glacial lake basins. Slopes range from 0 to 20 percent. Salter soils formed in stratified loamy and sandy deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 35 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 48 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing
Sisson soils and the
Colwood,
Keowns,
Kibbie, and
Yahara soils. In some nearby areas on similar landscape positions and in similar deposits, the Salter soils are in association with the fine-loamy, well drained Sisson, somewhat poorly drained Kibbie, and
poorly drained Colwood soils. The poorly drained Keowns and the somewhat poorly drained Yahara soils are in a drainage sequence with the Salter soils in other landscape situations. Keowns soils have grayer subsoil colors and Yahara soils have mollic epipedons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff Ranges from low to high. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas are used for cropland. Common crops are small grain, corn, hay and some vegetable crops, such as cabbage, peas, and green beans. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The south-central parts of Wisconsin. The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County, Wisconsin, 1972.
REMARKS:
Most of the correlated acres of this series are outside the range in characteristics because they do not have carbonates. Only the 465 well drained acres correlated in Jefferson County have carbonates.
4731 well drained acres are correlated in Columbia County without carbonates.
2850 moderately well drained acres (redox at 38?) are correlated in Dane County without carbonates. In addition, these acres are a mollic intergrade.
290 moderately well drained acres (redox at 42?) are correlated in Waushara County without carbonates.
In addition, there are 2180 acres correlated in Shawano County as Salter Variant because they have an argillic horizon (classify as frigid Haplic Glossudalf). These acres have carbonates. All correlated acres should probably be checked for
an argillic horizon.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon -
0 to 9 inches (Ap); cambic horizon - 9 to 21 inches (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons).