LOCATION SKELTON IN+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Skelton loam - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 11 inches thick)
Bt1--11 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; thin discontinuous yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; thin discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--17 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; common fine roots; thin continuous brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations; 1 percent gravel less than 1/4 inch in diameter; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--30 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, thin continuous brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations; 1 percent gravel less than 1/4 inch in diameter; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--42 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; thin continuous brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations; 1 percent gravel less than 1/4 inch in diameter; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 32 to 50 inches.)
BC--52 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; many fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; common black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide accumulations; 1 percent gravel less than 1/4 inch in diameter; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
C--60 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; many fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; massive; friable; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Gibson County, Indiana; about 9 miles west and 2 miles north of Princeton; 959 feet west and 690 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 1 S., R. 12 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum is 50 to 80 inches thick. The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silt loam or loam and is strongly acid to neutral. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The Bt horizon is very strongly acid or strongly acid.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The C horizon ranges from very strongly acid to medium acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amanda, Belmont, Belmore, Chenault, Chili, Coggon, Conestoga, Douds, El Dara, Gallman, Grellton, Hayden, Hebron, Hickory, High Gap, Hollinger, Kalamazoo, Kanawha, Kendallville, Kidder, Kosciusko, Leroy, Letort, Lindley, Mandeville, Martinsville, McHenry, Miami, Mifflin, Military, Nodine, Norden, Ockley, Owosso, Pecatonica, Princeton, Rawson, Relay, Renova, Richland, Riddles, Rockbridge, Roseville, Sisson, Strawn, Summitville, Theresa, Wawasee, Westville, Whalan, Woodbine, and Wykoff series in the same family. Amanda soils are less acid in the lower part of the sola and have formed in till. The Belmont, Hayden, Hebron, High Gap, Hollinger, Kendallville, Kidder, Kosciusko, Leroy, McHenry, Miami, Owosso, Rawson, Relay, Rockbridge, Sisson, Strawn, Theresa, Wawasee, and Wykoff soils have thinner sola. Belmore soils are less acid in the lower part of the solum and typically contain free carbonates above a depth of 60 inches. Chenault soils have more clay in the lower part of the solum. The Chili, Kalamazoo, and Ockley soils contain more coarse fragments in the lower part of the sola. The Coggon and Renova soils have montmorillonite as the dominant clay mineral, are firm in the lower part of the solum and are formed in till. The Conestoga and Letort soils contain mica. Douds soils have gray mottles in the lower part of the solum and formed in mixed alluvium of pre-Sangamon age. El Dara soils contain more sand in the solum and formed in sandy and loamy stratified outwash. Gallman soils are less acid in the lower part of the solum and have a high content of shale of fine gravel size. The Grellton soils contain less sand in the lower part of the sola. Hickory soils are less acid in the lower part of the solum and are formed in till. Kanawha soils are less acid in the lower part of the sola and have sola formed in alluvium from shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Lindley soils have thinner sola, are moderately well drained and formed in till. Mandeville, Military, Norden, and Whalan soils have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Martinsville soils are less acid in the lower part of the solum, are stratified with coarser textures in the substratum and dominantly have carbonates above a depth of 60 inches. Mifflin soils have bedrock at depth of 40 to 55 inches. Nodine soils have distinct stratification in the Bt horizon and formed in pedisediments from weathered sandstone, shale, or limestone. The Pecatonica and Westville soils have hue of 7.5YR or redder in the paleosol formed in till. The Princeton soils have less clay in the Bt horizon, formed in eolian deposits and commonly contain strata of coarser material below a depth of 40 inches. The Richland soils contain more coarse fragments and formed in colluvium from sandstone, siltstone and shale. Riddles soils formed in till and are less acid in the lower part of the solum. Roseville soils have the lower portion of the sola developed from residuum from limestone and bedrock is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Summitville soils contain more coarse fragments in the sola and formed in mixed materials from red clay shale and siltstone and sandstone. Woodbine soils have more clay in the lower part of the solum and have bedrock within a depth of 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Skelton soils are on river terraces. The slope gradient is 0 to 2 percent. This soil formed in leached loamy and silty sediments of Wisconsinian Age. The mean annual temperature ranges from 5l to 57 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 48 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the somewhat poorly drained Crawleyville and poorly drained Vincennes soils. Crawleyville soils are on slightly lower lying rises. Vincennes soils are in depressions and on broad flats.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Moderate permeability. Runoff is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly cropped to corn and soybeans. Winter wheat is the principal small grain. Native vegetation was hardwood trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Indiana. The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gibson County, Indiana, 1986.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of approximately 11 inches (Ap horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 11 to 52 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Base saturation data is available from NSSL. (Sample Nos. 84T, 7224, 7225, 7226, 7227). Also, Typical pedon S85IN51-4 from Purdue Soil Characterization Lab.