LOCATION STENDAL IN+KY OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, acid, mesic Fluventic Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Stendal silt loam on a level area in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 168 meters (550 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common very fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 30 cm or 5 to 12 inches thick)
Bw--20 to 43 cm (8 to 17 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; common very fine roots; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions; many medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 30 cm or 5 to 12 inches thick)
Bg--43 to 102 cm (17 to 40 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; many medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and common prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine rounded and few medium irregular iron and manganese concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (36 to 71 cm or 14 to 28 inches thick)
Cg--102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; massive; firm; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium irregular and few medium irregular iron and manganese concretions; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Scott County, Indiana; about 3/4 mile southeast of Scottsburg; 1,400 feet north and 395 feet west of southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 3 N., R. 7 E; USGS Scottsburg, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 40 minutes 03 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 45 minutes 27 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 608096 easting and 4280618 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 61 to 122 cm (24 to 48 inches).
Particle-size control section: strongly acid or very strongly acid, 18 to 34 percent clay and 3 to 14 percent fine and coarser sand
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam, and less commonly silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
A horizon, (1 to 3 inches thick), where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, and less commonly silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
Bw or Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam, and less commonly silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 34 percent
Sand content: 3 to 14 percent fine and coarser sand
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
Cg or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam; below 40 inches includes strata of sandy loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
Clay content: above 40 inches, 18 to 34 percent; below 40 inches, 15 to 34 percent
Sand content above 40 inches, 3 to 14 percent; below 40 inches, 3 to 45 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Stendal soils are on flood plains and flood-plain steps. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. The Stendal soils formed in acid, silty alluvium. Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.5 to 14 degrees C (51 to 57 degrees F), and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 965 to 1168 mm (38 to 46 inches).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bonnie, Cuba, Haymond, Pope, Steff, and Wilbur soils. The poorly drained and very poorly drained Bonnie soils are on broad flood plains, and on backswamps. The well drained Cuba soils and the moderately well drained Steff soils are on higher lying flood-plain steps, and on natural levees. The well drained, less clayey Haymond soils and the moderately well drained, less clayey Wilbur soils are typically on lower lying flood-plain steps, and on natural levees. The well drained, more sandy Pope soils are typically on natural levees.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s).Permeability is moderate. The potential for surface water runoff ranges from negligible to low. In undrained areas, depth to an intermittent apparent seasonal high water table is 0.15 to 0.6 meters (0.5 to 2.0 feet) from December through April in most years. Duration of the intermittent apparent high water table is considerably less in drained areas. This soil is subject to frequent to rare periods of flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for growing corn and soybeans. Some areas are in forest. Native vegetation is dominantly hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Indiana, south central Ohio, and Kentucky. The series is of large extent, and is in MLRA's 114, 115, 120, 122, 124, and 125.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dubois County, Indiana, 1930.
REMARKS: This soil was reclassified (4/2001) as an inceptisol based on the Eighth Edition of the "Keys to Soil Taxonomy" and the presence of a cambic horizon in the majority of pedons. A clayey substratum phase is recognized, and will likely be proposed as a new series when subset surveys with this phase are updated. Stendal soils have an irregular decrease in organic-carbon content between a depth of 25 to 130 cm (10 and 50 inches).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon: the zone from the soil surface to 20 cm or 8 inches (Ap horizon)
2) Cambic horizon: the zone from 20 to 102 cm or 8 to 40 inches (Bw, Bg horizons)
3) Redoximorphic features: in the zone from 20 to 152 cm or 8 to 60 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data available: Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University (unpublished), file no. SC8707, S87IN143-7.