LOCATION TEXANA TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Typic Argialbolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Texana fine sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; many fine faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and common medium roots; common fine pores; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick)
E--10 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and common medium roots; common fine pores; few medium and coarse dark nodules in lower 2 cm of this horizon; slightly acid, abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 17 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common fine medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/6) mottles; are mainly along root channels and interiors of peds; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; many faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt grains coat faces of most prisms and peds; common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay skins; few fine dark rounded nodules and soft masses; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
Bt2--17 to 33 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), and light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay; few fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few pressure faces; few prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay skins on faces of peds; common prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coatings on faces of most prisms and peds; few fine and medium dark rounded nodules and soft masses; slightly sodic; moderate alkaline, gradual wavy boundary. (9 to 11 inches thick)
Bt3--33 to 44 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles with medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) centers; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine red mottles; many prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt grains coat faces of most prisms and peds; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay skins along root channels and on faces of peds; few pressure faces; few fine and medium dark rounded nodules and soft masses; moderately sodic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 10 inches thick)
Bt4--44 to 56 inches; interiors of peds are yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam grading to yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) borders with few fine distinct strong brown mottles on exteriors of peds; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong coarse angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; common prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt grains coat faces of most prisms and peds; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay skins on faces of some peds; few fine dark rounded nodules and soft masses; few fine mica flakes; moderately sodic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Btk--56 to 69 inches; interiors of peds are strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam grading to yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) borders; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay skins; many coarse dark masses as coats and patches, and few fine dark masses on faces of peds; few coarse rounded concretions of calcium carbonate; common fine irregular patchy soft white segregated masses of barite; common fine mica flakes; moderately sodic; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 13 inches thick)
BCt--69 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; common coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; common patchy clay films; common fine mica flakes; moderately sodic; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (11 to 15 inches thick)
2C--80 to 90 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy fine sand; few medium and coarse distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; slightly hard, very friable; few coarse rounded brownish and reddish masses of sandy clay loam; common fine mica flakes: slightly sodic; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Jackson County, Texas; from the intersection of Farm Road 616 and Farm Road 1593 in Lolita, 2.35 miles south on Farm Road 1593 to a private ranch road, 1.7 miles east on private ranch road, and 200 feet south in rangeland.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 60 to more than 80 inches. Thickness of the combined A and E horizons ranges from 14 to 22 inches. Clay content of the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon ranges from 35 to 45 percent. The SAR values range from 1 to about 10 in the upper 16 inches of the Bt horizon 6 to 20 in the lower part of the Bt horizon, and from 1 to 10 to a depth of 90 inches in the BC and 2C horizons. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 30 to 60 inches in most pedons. Dark nodules and masses range from none to few throughout. Some pedons contain white, noncarbonatic masses in the lower Btg and Bk horizons. Most pedons contain visible mica at depths of 40 to over 80 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 2 or 3. Brownish or yellowish mottles range from none to many. Texture is fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam. The reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 with chroma of 2, or value of 6 with chroma of 2 or less. Brownish or yellowish mottles range from none to many. Texture is fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam. The boundary of the E and Bt horizons is abrupt or clear. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bt horizon has a dominant hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 or less. The interiors of peds have few to many reddish, yellowish, and brownish mottles. It is clay, sandy clay, clay loam, or sandy clay loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
The Btk horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 8. Some pedons have few to many grayish, brownish, or reddish mottles. It is sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay. Concretions and soft masses of calcium carbonate and segregated masses of barite range from few to common. Some pedons are calcareous.
The BCt and 2C horizons have hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. Some pedons have few to common brownish or reddish mottles. The BCt horizon is fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam.
The 2C horizon is fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or silt loam. Most pedons have few to common fine mica flakes. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series in the same family. Similar soils are the Bernard, Dacosta, Faddin, and Woodson series. Bernard and Dacosta soils lack an abrupt texture change between the epipedon and the argillic horizon. In addition, Bernard soils have A horizons less than 10 inches thick and have mean annual temperatures less than 72 degrees F. Faddin soils lack a continuous albic horizon and have an argillic horizon that is saturated for longer periods. Woodson soils have sola less than 60 inches thick, lack secondary form of calcium carbonate, and have mean annual soil temperature less than 72 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Texana soils are on broad nearly level to very gently sloping coastal prairies. Slope gradients range from 0 to 3 percent. The soils formed in loamy alluvium of ancient stream meander belt ridges of the Pleistocene age Beaumont Formation. Mean annual temperature ranges from 70 to 72 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation ranges from 36 to 46 inches. Thornthwaite annual P-E indices range from 48 to 66. Elevation ranges from 15 to 160 feet and frost free period is 280 to 300 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the similar Dacosta and Faddin soils, and the Telferner, Edna, Fordtran, Cieno, and Laewest soils. Dacosta and the clayey Laewest soils are on slightly lower positions. Faddin soils are on similar positions. Telferner, Edna, and Fordtran soils lack a mollic epipedon and are on similar positions. Cieno soils lack an abrupt textural change between the epipedon and argillic horizon, and are at slightly lower elevations.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; very slow permeability. Runoff is low on 0 to 1 percent slopes and medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes. Water perches on top of the argillic horizon for 1 to 2 weeks after periods of heavy rainfall. During wet years planting may be delayed for short periods.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for cropland and rangeland. The main crops are rice, grain sorghum, and corn. Native vegetation includes grasses such as little bluestem, indiangrass, brownseed paspalum, and balsamscale.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coast Prairie of Texas. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jackson County, Texas; 1986. The name is from an early community in Jackson County.
REMARKS: These soils have formerly been included in the Telferner, Edna, and Katy series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - 0 to 10 inches.
Albic horizon - 10 to 14 inches.
Abrupt textural change from E horizon to Bt horizon.
Argillic horizon - 14 to 69 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data from TAMU - S84TX-239-1.