LOCATION TONEY NV+CA OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Paleargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Toney extremely cobbly loam, rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface has about 60 percent cover of cobbles.
A1--0 to 2 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) extremely cobbly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) when moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine, and many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; 60 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
A2--2 to 4 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) when moist; gray (10YR 6/1) spots, moderate thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; many bleached sand grains; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1--4 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3) when moist; strong medium columnar structure, with a light gray (10YR 7/1) bleached sand grain capping; extremely hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine and common very fine exped roots; common very fine tubular pores; many pressure cutans, and many thin clay films in pores; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--12 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few fine and common very fine roots; many very fine interstitial, and common very fine tubular pores; many pressure cutans and many thin clay films in pores; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary.
Btk--18 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and tubular pores; common moderately thick clay films in pores; few thin and moderately thick clay films on faces of peds; strongly effervescent; many fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) lime veins and filaments; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt irregular boundary.
Cr--23 to 30 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/3) tuff, with many white (10YR 8/1) pumiceous flecks, brown (10YR 5/3) when moist; massive; very hard, very firm; few very fine roots along fracture planes; many thin brown (10YR 5/3) clay films along fractures; many faint black (10YR 2/1) coatings on fracture faces; matrix is noneffervescent with few fine lime veins and filaments along fracture planes; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; about 1,200 feet west and 1,500 feet north of the southeast corner of section 22, T. 43 N., R.18 E.; 41 degrees, 37 minutes, 46 seconds north latitude and 119 degrees, 56 minutes, 54 seconds west longitude, NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually dry, moist in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall. Aridic bordering Xeric soil moisture.
Soil temperature - 43 to 46 degrees F.
Depth to paralithic contact - 20 to 40 inches
Control section - Clay content: 40 to 60 percent
Other features - Abrupt clay increase of 15 percent or more within a vertical distance of 1 inch or less between the A and Bt horizon. Linear extensibility is 6 centimeters or more.
A horizons - Value: 4 through 7 dry, 2 through 4 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Bt horizons - Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 through 4
Texture: Clay or silty clay
Structure: Columnar or prismatic in the upper part, prismatic, angular blocky or subangular blocky in the lower part.
Btk horizon - Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist
Chroma: 3 through 6
Texture: Clay or silty clay
Reaction: Slightly or moderately alkaline
Other features: Few, common or many pressure faces or slickensides; some pedons have few wedge-shaped aggregates.
Effervescence: Strongly or violently effervescent. Common or many fine or medium soft lime masses in the Btk horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: No other series have been classified in the same family at the present time.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Toney soils are on tuffaceous tablelands. They formed in residuum from tuff. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. Elevations are 6,000 to 7,000 feet. The mean annual precipitation is 12 to 14 inches; mean annual temperature is 41 to 44 degrees F., mean January temperature is 22 to 25 degrees F., and mean July temperature of 61 to 64 degrees F. and the frost-free season is about 80 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Catnip, Home Camp, Karlo, Newlands and Ninemile soils. Catnip soils have very-fine control sections and lithic contacts at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Home Camp, Ninemile and Newlands soils have mollic epipedons and are underlain by hard bedrock. Karlo soils lack argillic horizons and have vertical cracks that extend to the soil surface.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well-drained; medium runoff; very slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is dominantly low sagebrush, Sandberg bluegrass, and bottlebrush squirreltail.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Washoe County, Nevada, and adjacent areas of California and Oregon. The series is of small extent. MLRA 23.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washoe County, Nevada, 1974.
REMARKS: Type location is moved from Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada, to Washoe County, Nevada, North Part to better represent the concept of the series. March, 2004.
Toney soils were formerly classified as Brown soils.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from about 0 to about 4 inches (A1 and A2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 4 to 23 inches (Bt1, Bt2 and Btk horizons).
Paralithic contact - The boundary at 23 inches (Cr).
Vertic subgroup - Many pressure cutans and linear extensibility of 6 centimeters or more (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Abrupt boundary - The boundary at about 4 inches (A2-Bt1 boundary).
Particle-size control section - The zone from about 4 to 23 inches (Bt1, Bt2, and Btk horizons).