LOCATION TURON KSEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Turon fine sand in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. Clay percentages are based on lab data )
Ap--0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 centimeters); pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3), interior, moist; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; 2 percent clay; strongly acid;. (3 to 18 inches thick; 8 to 46 centimeters thick)
Bt--8 to 28 inches (20 to 71 centimeters); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; Three lamellae 10 cm, 18 cm and 17 cm thick 10YR 4/4.; 8 percent clay; moderately acid; few distinct continuous clay bridging on vertical and horizontal faces of peds. (9 to 38 inches thick; 23 to 97 centimeters thick)
E&Bt--28 to 40 inches (71 to 102 centimeters); loamy fine sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), interior, and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist (E); weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; Two horizontal lamellae 4 cm and 2 cm thick 7.5YR 4/4 sandy loam 12% clay; 8 percent clay; moderately acid; few distinct patchy clay bridging between sand grains; lamellae of very pale brown (10YR 7/3), interior, loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, moist (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 8 percent clay. (0 to 38 inches thick; 0 to 97 centimeters thick)
2Btb1--40 to 58 inches (102 to 147 centimeters); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), interior, silty clay, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 40 percent clay; neutral; few distinct discontinuous clay bridging between sand grains.
2Btb2--58 to 75 inches (147 to 191 centimeters); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), interior, silty clay, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), interior, moist; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 42 percent clay; slightly alkaline; common distinct continuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout.
2Btb3--75 to 80 inches (191 to 203 centimeters); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), interior, silty clay, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3), interior, moist; common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular mottles throughout; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 41 percent clay; slightly alkaline; common distinct continuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular masses of iron-manganese accumulation throughout. (combined thickness of 2Btb horizon is 5 to 38 inches; 13 to 97 centimeters thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 5 miles (8 kilometers) north and 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) east of Turon; 660 feet (201 meters) west and 2320 feet (707 meters) north of the southeast corner of sec. 10 T. 25 S., R. 10 W. (USGS Sylvia topographic quadrangle; lat. 37 degrees 53 minutes 21.4 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 24 minutes 3.4 seconds W).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic moisture regime bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Particle-size control section: 2 to 18 percent clay
Depth to bedrock: greater than 80 inches (203 centimeters)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: greater than 40 inches (102 centimeters)
and where present only occur in the buried alluvial soil material.
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: between 40 and 60 inches (102 to 150 centimeters)
Thickness of the ochric epipedon: 3 to 18 inches (8 to 46 centimeters)
Some pedons contain AB, BC, C, Ab, Btb, 2Ab, and 2Btkb horizons.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 (dry) 4 or 5 (moist)
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sand or loamy fine sand, but can be a sand or loamy sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry (matrix), 4 or 5 moist, and 4 or 5 dry (lamellae); 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 (matrix), and 3 or 4 (lamellae)
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand (matrix), sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand (lamellae)
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
E & Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR (E) 7.5YR (Bt)
Value: 5 to 7 (dry) 4 to 6 (moist) (E) 4 to 5 (dry) 3 to 4 (moist) (Bt)
Chroma: 4 (E) 3 or 4 (Bt)
Texture: sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand (E); loamy sand, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand (Bt)
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y
Value: 5 to 7 (dry) 4 to 6 (moist)
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, or silty clay
Redoximorphic features: 0 to 30 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Pratt series. Pratt soils do not have a buried soil that has 20 percent or more clay at depths greater than 40 inches (102 centimeters).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Turon soils
Parent material: sandy eolian deposits over a buried alluvial soil
Landform: dunes on paleo-terraces
Slopes: 0 to 10 percent
Elevation: 1515 to 1805 feet (461.8 to 550.2 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Mean annual precipitation: 24 to 35 inches (61 to 89 centimeters)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Attica, Carbika, Carway, Hayes, Langdon, Pratt, Solvay, Tivin, and Warnut soils. The Attica and Hayes soils are coarse-loamy and occur on similar landscape positions. The wetter, fine textured Carbika and loamy textured Warnut and Carway soils are in nearby depressions. Langdon soils do not have an argillic horizon and have fewer and thinner lamellae. Tivin soils do not have an argillic horizon and do not have lamellae within 80 inches (203 centimeters). Langdon and Tivin soils are on steeper, more hummocky dunes. Pratt soils are on similar positions. Solvay soils are somewhat poorly drained and are fine-loamy and occur in interdunes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is very low or low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part of the profile and typically moderately slow in the lower part. The lower part of the profile has slow or moderate permeability in some pedons.
USE AND VEGETATION: Gentler slopes are usually cultivated; grain sorghum is the principal crop with lesser acreage of wheat and alfalfa. Steeper slopes are in native range. Native vegetation is dominated by sand bluestem, indiangrass, and little bluestem.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 centimeters). (Ap)
argillic horizon: The zone from 8 to 28 inches (20 to 71 centimeters). (E & Bt)
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth edition, 1998
ADDITIONAL DATA: This soil was formerly mapped as Pratt
LRR=H
DATE: 01/25/95
01/05/95 RMM, JCW. Review draft of Turon series using pedon # 93KS155266.
01/25/95 RMM. Revised as per most of your comments.
02/16/95 PRF. Series has passed state office review and is forwarded to NSSC for name reservation.
04/07/95 PRF. Edited the associated soils section to replace the Carwile series with Carbika, Carway and Warnut. Changed mottles to redox features.
06/30/99 PRF. Edited OSD to establish series and removed tentative from the Geographically Associated Soils section.
12/23/99 PRF: established series per Reno County final correlation