LOCATION VANDALIA WV+KY OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Vandalia silty clay loam - on a wooded 20 percent slope at 740 feet elevation above msl. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches, brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many roots; 10 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
BA--5 to 8 inches, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; 10 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 17 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, plastic, sticky; common roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.(7 to 16 inches thick)
Bt2--17 to 33 inches, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) channery silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, plastic, sticky; few roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 25 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
Bt3--33 to 43 inches, reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) channery silty clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm, plastic, sticky; few roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; 30 percent siltstone and sandstone fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. 0 to 28 inches thick).
2C--43 to 72 inches, weak red (10R 4/3) channery clay; firm, very plastic, very sticky, 30 percent shale fragments; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Wirt County, West Virginia; about 1 mile southwest of the junction of the Little Kanawha and Hughes Rivers and about 1 mile northeast of W. Va. Route 14 and Beulah Church. USGS Elizabeth topographic quadrangle Latitude 39 degrees, 07 minutes, 33 seconds, N. and Longitude 81 degrees, 24 minutes, 36 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 40 to 80 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments of shale, siltstone and some sandstone range from 5 to 15 percent in the A horizon, 5 to 40 percent in individual subhorizons of the BA and Bt horizons, and 5 to 50 percent in the C horizon. Unlimed soils are moderately acid through very
strongly acid in the A, BA and Bt horizons and strongly acid through neutral in the C horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR through 5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. The redder hues are common in cultivated or eroded areas. Value of 3 moist (5.5 dry) is permitted. Undisturbed areas have an A horizon as uch as 6 inches thick which commonly has 10YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 3 and chroma of 2. The A horizon is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The BA horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6. Texture is silty clay loam, silt loam, or clay loam.
The BA horizon, where present, and the upper part of the Bt horizon have hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR , value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 through 6. They are silty clay loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay in the fine-earth fraction. The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 5YR through 10R , value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 3 through 6, and may have pockets of mixed colors in some pedons. It is silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay in the fine-earth fraction. 2Bt horizons arein the lower part of the solum of some pedons. Texture is silty clay, clay in the fine-earth fraction.
The 2C and C horizons, where present, have hue of 5YR through 10R , value nd chroma of 3 through 6, except it ranges to 5Y hue in the 2C horizon of some pedons. They are silty clay loam, silty clay, clay loam, or clay in the fine-earth fraction.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Beasley, Bledsoe, Bonnell, Bucklick, Caneyville, Eden, Faywood, Fredonia, Lowell, Markland, Milton, and Woodsfield series. The Beasley, Bledsoe, Bonnell, Lowell, and Markland, soils have hue of 7.5YR or yellower in the Bt horizon. The Caneyville, Eden, Faywood, Fredonia, and Milton, soils have lithic or paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches. Bucklick soils have a lithologic discontinuity in the Bt horizon, are moderately permeable, and formed in a thin layer of loess over residuum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Vandalia soils are on gently sloping to steep foot slopes and colluvial fans. They are unstable when saturated and "slips" or landslides are common characteristic features of the landscape. Slopes range from 3 to 60 percent but are dominantly 3 to 35 percent. These soils formed in mixed colluvium from shale, siltstone and some sandstone. The
climate is humid temperate with a mean annual precipitation range from 35 to 45 inches. Mean annual temperatures are from 50 degrees to 59 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Upshur, Gilpin, Hackers, Moshannon, and Peabody soils. Gilpin, Upshur, and Peabody soils are on uplands. Gilpin soils are 20 to 40 inches to bedrock, have fine- loamy control sections and 7.5YR or yellower hues throughout. Peabody soils are 20 to 40 inches to bedrock. Hackers soils are on high bottom lands and low terraces, and are fine-silty. Moshannon soils are on flood plains, are fine-silty, and do not have an argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium or rapid. Permeability is moderate and moderately slow in the A horizon and moderately slow and slow in the B and C horizons.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas are used mostly for pasture or hay. Many reas are reverting to woodland of mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western West Virginia, Eastern Ohio, and Northeastern Kentucky. The soils of this series are of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reedy Creek Project, W. Va., 1936.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - The zone from 0 to 5 inches (Ap horizon).
b. Argillic horizon - The zone from 8 to 43 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)