LOCATION WAWASEE INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Wawasee sandy loam - on a 3 percent convex slope
in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless
otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam;
weak fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--7 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam; weak medium platy structure parting to weak fine granular; very friable;
common roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
(0 to 4 inches thick)
BE--9 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable;
common roots; 2 percent gravel; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.
(0 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; thin continuous dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and linings of pores; 2 percent gravel; medium acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2-24 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; thin discontinuous dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces
of peds and linings of pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid;
clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--32 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak
coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; thin discontinuous dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces
of peds; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 14 to 30 inches.)
C--36 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam; massive; friable; 5 percent gravel; slight effervescence;
moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Miami County, Indiana; 1/2 mile north of Macy; 130 feet south and 2,440 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 13,
T. 29 N., R. 3 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is 28 to 40 inches.
The amount of gravel in the solum ranges from 2 percent to 10 percent.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2
or 3. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam except in
severely eroded areas that range to sandy clay loam. It is
neutral to slightly acid.
The E horizon, where present has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. It
is medium acid to neutral.
The BE horizon, where present has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5,
and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3
to 6. It is loam or sandy clay loam but includes horizons of clay loam less than 6 inches thick with clay content of less than 29 percent in the lower part of the argillic horizon. The upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon averages between 18 to 27 percent
clay and 35 to 50 percent sand. It is strongly acid to neutral.
The BC horizon, where present has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6,
and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam or sandy loam. It is neutral or mildly alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma
of 2 to 6. It is loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam, with 35 to
55 percent sand. Coarse fragments range from 5 to 14 percent. It
is neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Amanda,
Belmont,
Belmore,
Chenault,
Chili,
Coggon,
Conestoga,
Douds,
El Dara,
Gallman,
Grellton,
Hayden,
Hebron,
Hickory,
High Gap,
Hollinger,
Kalamazoo,
Kanawha,
Kendallville,
Kidder,
Kosciusko,
Leroy,
Letort,
Lindley,
Mandeville,
Martinsville,
McHenry,
Miami,
Mifflin,
Military,
Nodine,
Norden,
Ockley,
Owosso,
Pecatonica,
Princeton,
Rawson,
Relay,
Renova,
Richland,
Riddles,
Rockbridge, Roseville,
Sisson,
Strawn,
Summitville,
Theresa,
Westville,
Whalan,
Woodbine soils in the same family. Amanda, Hayden, Hickory, Lindley, Miami, Pecatonica, Rawson, Renova, Strawn, Theresa, and Westville soils contain more clay in the solum. Belmont, Chenault, High Gap, Mandeville, Mifflin, Military, Norden, Roseville, Summitville, Whalan, and Woodbine soils developed over bedrock. Belmore, Kosciusko, Leroy, and Rockbridge soils contain more gravel in the solum. Chili, Douds, El Dara, Gallman, Hebron, Kalamazoo,
Kanawha, Kendallville, Martinsville, Ockley, Princeton, and Sisson soils contain stratified lower solum. Coggon, Renova, and Riddles soils have thicker solum. Conestoga, Hollinger, and Letort soils contain significant mica content. Grellton and McHenry soils
contain more silt in the upper part of the solum. Hayden soils receive less annual precipitation. Kidder soils have less fines passing the No. 200 sieve in the lower part of the solum and
contain more sand in the glacial till. Nodine soils have Bt
horizons that are stratified in both color and texture. Owosso
soils have sandy loam surface layers more than 20 inches thick. Relay soils have hues yellower than 10YR. Richland soils have
more coarse fragments and formed in loamy materials weathered from fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and shale with minor amounts of limestones.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Wawasee soils are on moraines and till
plains with plane or convex surfaces. Slopes range from 0 to 18 percent. The soils formed in loamy glacial till of Wisconsinan
age. The mean annual temperature ranges from 45 degrees to 55 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 40
inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Aubbeenaubbee,
Barry,
Brookston,
Crosier, and
Metea soils. The somewhat poorly drained Aubbeenaubbee soils have grayer colors in the upper part
of the solum and are in slight drainageways. The poorly drained Barry and very poorly drained Brookston soils have mollic
epipedons and are in depressions. The somewhat poorly drained Crosier soils have grayer colors and are on less sloping areas
below the Wawasee. The well drained Metea soils have arenic
surfaces and are on slight knolls or ridges.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is slow to
medium and permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: A large part is cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay or pasture. Native vegetation was Beech, Maple, and Hickory forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Indiana and possibly Ohio. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Miami County, Indiana, 1977.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this
pedon are: Ochric Epipedon - the zone from the surface of the
soil to approximately 15 inches (Ap, E, BE horizons). Argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 15 to 36 inches (Bt1, Bt2,
Bt3 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Purdue University Characterization data
available No. FU7902