LOCATION WYANET ILEstablished Series
The Wyanet series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in calcareous loamy till or in as much as 18 inches of loess or other silty material and in the underlying calcareous loamy till. A cap of fine sandy loam sediments is at the surface in some areas. Permeability is moderately slow. These soils are on till plains.
Slope ranges from 0 to 18 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 50 degrees F, and mean annual rainfall is about 33 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Wyanet silt loam, on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 743 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; 1 percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few fine pores; common faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--14 to 27 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; common prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt is 14 to 30 inches.)
BC--27 to 31 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
C--31 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; very firm; common prominent irregular light gray (10YR 7/1) very weakly cemented calcium carbonate nodules in pores; few fine and medium rounded red (2.5YR 4/8) weakly cemented iron oxide nodules throughout; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; strongly effervescent, moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Champaign County, Illinois; about 1 3/4 miles west and 1 1/2 miles north of Penfield; 1,300 feet east and 225 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 31, T. 22 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Penfield topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 19 minutes 37 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 59 minutes 01
seconds W.; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 24 to 40 inches. The depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The thickness of the loess is less than 18 inches. The particle-size control section averages between 22 and 32 percent clay and between 15 and 40 percent fine sand or coarser.
The upper part of the series control section (Ap or A horizon) has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam. Clay loam and silty clay loam is allowed in severely eroded pedons. It is moderately acid to neutral. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 4 percent.
The next part of the series control section (Bt, 2Bt horizons) has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is dominantly loam or clay loam, but ranges to silty clay loam in the upper part where the silt cap is at the maximum thickness. Clay content ranges from 22 to 32 percent. Content of fine sand
or coarser is dominantly between 20 and 40 percent but ranges to 5 percent in subhorizons in the upper part. It is moderately acid or slightly acid in the upper part and is moderately acid to neutral in the lower part. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.5 to 1.7g/cm3.
The lower part of the series control section (BC, 2BC, C, 2C horizons) has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam with clay content ranging from 10 to 20 percent and sand content ranging from 30 to 40 percent. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent. It is slightly or moderately
alkaline and contains carbonates. In some pedons, the BC or 2BC horizons do not contain carbonates. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.60 to 1.85 g/cm3.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Atkinson,
Burchard,
Calmar,
Cokato,
Cresco,
Cresent (T),
Durand,
Friesland,
Griswold,
Hitt,
Hochheim,
Jasper,
Joslin,
Keosauqua (T),
Kishwaukee,
La Rose,
Linkville,
Marbletown (T),
Markesan,
Moingona,
Morrill,
Pana,
Parmod,
Penfield,
Plattville,
Reedslake,
Ringwood,
Rockton,
Rotamer,
Schoolcraft,
Shelby,
Sibleyville,
Velma, and
Winnebago series. Atkinson, Calmer, Hitt, Marbletown (T), Plattville, Rockton, and Sibleyville soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Burchard, Cokato, Reedslake, and Shelby soils average more than 20 percent clay in the lower part of
the series control section. Cresco, Durand, Jasper, Joslin, Linkville, Pana, Velma, and Winnebago soils are deeper than 40 inches to the base of the argillic horizon. Friesland soils average less than 30 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Cresent, Griswold, Keosauqua (T), Penfield, Ringwood, and
Schoolcraft soils average more than 40 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Hochein, La Rose, Markesan, and Rotamer soils are less than 24 inches to the base of the argillic horizon. Kishwaukee soils average more than 40 percent sand and more than 10 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control
section. Moingona soils have one or more subhorizons within the series control section dominated by a single grade of sand. Morrill soils do not have free carbonates within a depth of 40 inches. Parmod soils have a bulk density of less than 1.60 g/cm3 in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wyanet soils are on till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 18 percent. The soils formed in calcareous loamy till of Wisconsinan Age or in as much as 18 inches of loess or other silty material and in the underlying calcareous loamy till. The mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 55 degrees F, the mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 35 inches, frost free period ranges from 160 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 680 to 1,020 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dana, Drummer, La Rose, Odell, Raub, Sable, and Saybrook soils. Dana and Saybrook soils are moderately well drained and are on similar to slightly higher landscape positions. Drummer and Sable soils are poorly drained and are on lower positions. La Rose soils have a thinner solum and are on similar or lower parts of the landscape. Odell and Raub soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on lower lying less sloping landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is very low to medium. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Largely cropped to corn and soybeans. Small grain and legume hay are also grown. Native vegetation is tall prairie grass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and Northern Illinois. These soils are of moderate extent in MLRA 108.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bureau County, Illinois, 1996.
REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - 10 to 27 inches (Bt1, Bt2 horizons). This series replaces the Parr series from Indiana, which was recently reclassified from Typic to Oxyaquic.