LOCATION WYOCENA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Wyocena loamy fine sand - on an 8 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 810 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine fibrous roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 10 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular structure; very friable; common fine fibrous roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
BE--10 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 25 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; clay bridges between sand grains and a few faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--25 to 31 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds and clay bridges between sand grains; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons ranges from 13 to 18 inches.)
Bt3--31 to 36 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; faint clay bridges between sand grains; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
C1-- 36 to 54 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 7 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.
C2--54 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sand with a few thin brown (7.5YR 4/4) bands of loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 7 percent gravel neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Marquette County, Wisconsin; about 1 mile south of Budsin; 1690 feet south and 20 feet east of the northwest corner, sec. 34, T. 17 N., R. 10 E. USGS Germania, Wisconsin Topographic Quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 54 minutes 15 seconds N., and long. 89 degrees 18 minutes 26 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 24 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages between 8 to 18 percent clay and from 52 to 72 percent fine sand or coarser. Reacton naturally ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum but ranges to neutral in the upper part where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum. Carbonates are in the substratum of some pedons below a depth of 40 inches. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the solum and from 0 to 25 percent in the substratum. Volume of coarse fragments larger than 3 inches ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.
Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is sandy loam or loamy sand.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loamy sand.
The Bthorizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture typically is sandy loam in the upper part, but thin subhorizons of sandy clay loam, loam, or loamy sand occur in some pedons. Texture typically grades to loamy sand in the lower part.
The C horizon has has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is loamy sand or sand or the gravelly analogues. A sandstone substratum phase is recognized in some places.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Boyer and
Lapeerseries. Boyersoils have more than 90 percent fine sand or coarser in the lower part of the series control section and are stratified there. Lapeer soils have less than 75 percent fine sand or coarser in the lower aprt of the series control section and have
carbonates within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wyocena soils are on ground moraines and end moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to 45 percent. Wyocena soils formed in sandy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 50 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boyer, Coloma, Kranski, Lapeer, Mecan, Okee, and Oshtemo soils. All of these soils are on similar landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Permeability is moderatein the loamy subsoil and rapid in the sandy subsoil and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is cleared and used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forests with red oak, red maple, black oak, and jack pine predominant.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Wisconsin. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marquette County, Wisconsin, 1969.
REMARKS: Refer to soil survey sample number 78WI137001 for NSSL data on a pedon of Wyocena.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 15 inches (Ap, E, BE); argillic horizon - 15 to 36 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3).
- Semi-active CEAC based on NSSL data from one pedon.
- 4224 acres of Wyocena, sandstone substratum are correlated in Columbia County. A new series may be needed.
- 1103 acres of Wyocena Variant are correlated in Calumet-Manitowoc Counties with a glossic horizon (Haplic Glossudalf).